1. jd-5b电动机保护器
在电机的使用过程中,经常出现其因缺相运行而烧毁的情况,根据研究,以下几个方面的因素只要存在一条,就可导致电动机的断相运行:
1、某相熔体烧断。
2、控制电动机的闸刀开关如果不及时检修,质量较差,再加上长时间使用,也会发生断相故障。
3、当用电量集中时,在变压器低压出口的保险片和配电室内供电总闸刀熔断器容易熔断。
4、电动机中某相绕组内部接头断线或者是导线接头接触不良都会造成断相运行。
5、操作频率过高或者负载较大时,造成电动机短路,从而烧断热元件。
6、当电动机超负载运行、故障运行、供电线路电压不稳定或者交流接触器容量选择不当时,会造成主触头接触不良,导致断相运行。
电机保护器断相的解决方法:
电动机断相保护装置的电路共有六个外接端子,其中N是接电源的零线,A、B、C是接主电路对应的A相B相和C相,IN和OUT两个接线端与控制回路电源串接。每个外接端子的内部都是固有部件,必须一一对应,同时,柱与柱之间的距离应尽可能地大,这样可以防止并联接线柱之间短路。
注:电机保护器显示断相,说明电机出现电压低于电能表的临界电压,同时负荷电流小于启动电流的工况。
扩展资料:
电机保护器的断相原理:
电动机断相保护装置的电路共有六个外接端子,其中N是接电源的零线,A、B、C是接主电路对应的A相B相和C相,IN和OUT两个接线端与控制回路电源串接。
每个外接端子的内部都是固有部件,必须一一对应,同时,柱与柱之间的距离应尽可能地大,这样可以防止并联接线柱之间短路。因此,这些固有部件一定要谨慎接好,接错时还有可能烧坏保护装置。
接线时,三个电容器接成星形,电容器端子分别接A、B、C三相电源,中性点接电压继电器的线圈,线圈另一端接地。电压继电器的常闭接点应串接于交流接触器的控制回路中。当A、B、C任一相断开时,中性点电位升高为相电压,电压继电器动作,使交流接触器的控制回路断开,切除电动机电源,实现了断相保护。
对于低电压电动机来讲,主要是耐压水平足够就可以,电容器容量不需太大。在选择电容器容量时,可以结合电动机的功率选择合适的电容值。对于高压电动机,其保护装置相对完善。这种保护装置适用于各类三相感应式电动机,接线简单,基本不占用空间,容易实现。
2. jd-5b电动机保护器过载
40千瓦以下的电机都可以用JD-5B系列电动机综合保护器,主要保护过载、断相、启动超时等,两个电位器,一个调整电流定值,一个调整过载时间。电流定值一般不用按额定电流的倍数调整。一般调整时,先调整时间超过启动时间,电流调到最大。启动电机带负载正常运行时逐渐逆时针缓慢调整电流电位器之道过载灯闪烁后,再顺时针调整一点即可。根据电机启动时间调整时间电位器略大于启动时间就行了。
3. jd-5b电动机保护器怎样调整脱扣等级
开关类断路器可以分为开关电器类和断路器类,主要起接通或断开电路的作用。具体分类如下:
一、开关电器类
1、刀开关 NH50D、NH505、HD13、HD、HS、ND11B、NS11B等
2、隔离开关NH1、NH2-100、NH3-63、NH4-125、NH9-32、NH40、NHR17、NHRT40、HR6等
3、户外隔离开关GW9、HGW9-12、JDW等
4、负荷开关HH3、HK2、HK18等
5、转换开关NZ1B、NZ1BR-63、NZ1BR-60、NF1、NZ7、LW2B、LW5D、LW6、LW112等
6、倒顺开关HY2、HY23等
7、组合开关HZ5、HZ5B、HZ10、HZ12、HZ12A等
8、电焊机开关KDH等
9、行程开关YBLX-ME/8000、YBLX-WL、YBLX-HL/5000、YBLX-CK、YBLX-P1等
10、微动开关YBLW-2、YBLXW-5/11、YBLXW-N/A、YBLXW-N/D、YBLXW-N/E等
11、脚踏开关YBLT-1、YBLT-EKW/5A/B、YBLT-FS/1、YBLT-FS/201、YBLT-JDK等
二、断路器类
1、万能式断路器NA8、NA8G、NA1-1000、NA1-2000-6300、DW15、DW16、DW17D等
2、塑料外壳式断路器NM8、NM6S、NM10、DZ20、DZ108、DZ253、DZ158S-100等
3、塑料外壳式漏电断路器NM8L、NM1LE、NL18、DZ20L、DZ15LE、DZ158LE-100等
4、小型断路器NB1-63H、NB7、NBH8-40、CB-60、DZ47-60、DZ267-32等
5、剩余电流动作断路器NBH8LE-40、NB7LE、NB1L-40、NB47LE-63、DZ47LE-63G等
6、分励脱扣断路器NB1S-63、NB47S-63等
7、电涌保护器NU6-1等
8、附件AX-1、S9、V9、XF9、CBB-1等
4. JD-5电机保护器
JDB-120-A电动机综合保护器整定方法: JDB-120-A型电动机综合保护器,它有一个过电流调整旋钮和一个时间调整旋钮。过电流调整的最大调整电流为120A,时间的调整范围一般是0-60秒他的功能有断相(缺相)保护、失压保护、过流保护,的优点,电流大小的调整要取决于你的电动机的功率大小,三相电动机的铭牌上有额定电流,在调整过程中一般取额定的1.2倍(即额定电流X1.2就是整定电流)。所调整的电流值是过载电流。
5. jd-5b电动机保护器给cj20-63
吉他是一种弹拨乐器,通常有六条弦,形状与提琴相似。吉他在流行音乐、摇滚音乐、蓝调、民歌、佛朗明哥中,常被视为主要乐器。与小提琴、钢琴并列为世界著名三大乐器。
吉他的分类
吉他(意大利语:Chitarra),又译六弦琴。其面板与背板都是平的,琴腰部一般无角而往里凹,古典吉他一般无凹陷。琴颈很宽,长,指板上有弦枕并装有很多窄而稍向上凸起的金属制的横格,称之为“品”,它把琴弦划分为许多半音。
吉他品位的划分是:吉他的品位就是从琴头往音孔方向数的格数,比如第1格叫1品,第2格叫2品,以此类推。
学习吉他,首先要选一款吉他,常用的吉他大致分为民谣吉他、古典吉他和电吉他,要根据自己的喜好选择一种类型。
民谣吉他
民谣吉他是吉他家族中最“平民化”的成员,演奏的人员最多。
民谣吉他可细分为Acoustic guitar(圆角琴)和Cutaway(缺角琴),前者适合演奏和弦,后者适合演奏高把位Solo。民谣吉他琴颈比较细,上指扳宽42mm,从弦枕到琴身共14个品格,琴箱上有一个月牙形的护板,使用钢丝弦演奏。吉他家族中最“平民化”的成员。在指板上由弦枕到琴柄与琴箱结合处是14品格,指板较窄,使用钢弦,琴尾有背带钉,面板上一般有护板,可用指甲或拨片弹奏。民谣吉他音色圆润亮透,音质深淳厚,演奏姿势比较自由,主要用于给歌唱者伴奏,适用于乡村、民谣及现代音乐,演奏形式较为轻松、随意。草根味比较重,是众多吉他中最平民的一种。
古典吉他
古典吉他也是吉他家族成员,和竖琴、鲁特琴等同属古典式弦琴大类。在指板上由弦枕到琴柄与琴箱结合处是12品格,指板较宽,使用尼龙弦,音质纯厚,音色丰富,没有防护板。主要用于演奏古典乐曲,从演奏姿势到手指触弦都有严格要求,技巧精深,是吉他家族中艺术性最高,最具代表意义,适应面最广,最有深度,最受艺术界肯定的一类。古典吉他是一种根据200多年前式样成型的以尼龙弦(100年前为羊肠)发声的乐器。古典吉他的构造与其他乐器(民谣吉他、电吉他等)有明显不同;古典吉他以独奏为主、兼顾一定量的重奏、协奏等;手指直接弹奏并结合各种特殊演奏技巧;从音乐的表现来讲:古典吉他以演奏古典乐为主,兼顾一定量的现代经典乐曲。细腻而多变的音色,丰富的多声部和声演奏能力,对不同时期、不同风格不同民族的音乐都能诠释自如。
电吉他
电吉他是现代科学技术的产物,从外型到音响都与传统的吉他有着明显的差别。琴体使用新硬木制成,配有音量、音高调节器(琴钮)以及颤音结构(摇杆)等装置。配合效果器的使用,电吉他有很强的表现力,在现代音乐中有很重要的位置。现在多用于歌曲伴奏。
吉他调弦
任何乐器使用之前都要保证音准,吉他则是通过调弦来实现的。扭动琴头的旋钮可以控制琴弦的张力,配合调音器或者调音软件可以方便准确的将琴调准。
调弦标准音
吉他调弦标准音、从低音六弦开始到高音一弦定音规定如下: E 第六弦 E2 82.41HZ A 第五弦 A2 110HZ D 第四弦 D3 146.83HZ G 第三弦 G3 196HZ B 第二弦 B3 246.94HZ E第一弦 E4 329.63HZ
首先音名,CDEFGAB,这个就是用来记固定音高的符号,也就是无论它在哪个乐器上,音高就是固定的,所以,我们会看到,有些吉他音名分布图上,都是用字母来表示的,只不过,很少用小字,只用大字,但你只要理解这个音名固定的音高就行了,这就是音名。
音名是固定的音高,理解这个后,那么唱名和简谱就是相对的音高。也就是说音名在吉他是固定的,它的音高已经固定了,但唱名和简谱的音高,就跟调试有关系了,调高,唱的高度就不一样,调低,唱的音就相对低了。
比如:在C大调里,C唱哆,用1表示,与吉他上五弦三品的音一样高,但如果换成G调了,C在这里就唱发,用4表示,音高还是固定在五弦三品那里,只是在G调里唱成发了,用简谱4表示。
也就是说,如果你看到谱子左上角,有个字母C=1,这时,表示C唱哆,是C大调,以C为哆来记谱唱音高,那么在这种情况下,D唱来,E唱咪,F唱发,G唱嗦,A唱拉,B唱稀,简谱还是按1234567来记,但如果写着G=1,这就表示G唱成1,以G为基准唱成哆,这时,音就相对高了,G调的来2,就是吉他上的A,咪3就是B,发4就是C,索5就是D,拉6就是E,F升4#就是稀。所以,你看到没,唱名简谱跟调的高低有关,所以,音高是相对的,不同的调,唱的高度不同,吉他品位也不同,是相对的。
调音方法
1.五弦定音法
打开手机随便拨打一个电话会出现嘟嘟的声音。按住6弦的5品并弹奏,使弹奏音与嘟音相同,此为标准音。完成了标准音的校准以后就可以开始下一步了 。同样是按住6弦5品,并同时弹奏6弦和5弦,仔细听音高是否相同,如果不相同分别弹奏6弦和5弦,确认音高了还是低了,并使用琴头的旋钮调节。
接着按住5弦5品。音名为D,此音和四弦空弦同音。据此调好4弦。
按上图的规律用刚才说的方法以此类推,调好余下的弦音。
2.用电子调音器
此方法直观简便,就是需要去购买一个电子调音器,按前面第一点说的规律。用电子调音器夹住琴头,然后拨第六弦。调音器显示如下图左上为E就调好了。 下图中的E A D B E都是调好的正常显示绿色。 只有第三弦G显示红色,还没完全调好,需要微调一下。 如果弦松了,没调好,指针会在左边。需要紧一下。 如果弦调紧了,指针在右边。需要松一下。一直到指针在中间变成绿色的E就正确了。 其它各弦按 E A D G B E 从低音到高音顺序,用上面方法调好就行。
3.手机软件调音
目前最实用不花钱的方法,就是手机上下载一个调音软件。方法同上面一样。就是用调音软件调弦。 手机调音软件有专用吉他的,也有音乐通用的。我这里用的是通用的。专用的吉他调音软件现在需要会员。
拨弦和扫弦
我们都知道,弹吉他时,左右手分工不同,左手是负责按出音阶或和弦,右手则是弹奏,右手在弹奏过程中,各个手指的分工也不同,大拇指负责6、5、4弦,食指负责3弦,中指负责2弦,无名指负责1弦,小指可以抵住面板作为加固稳定。
练习方式
根据手指离开琴弦的方向我们可以将拨弦分为两种方法
靠弦拨法和勾弦拨法:
靠弦拨法:手指拨弦后,顺势停靠在下一根相临的弦上,比如拔完6弦后顺势靠在5弦上。
勾弦拨法:手指拨弦后,稍微向手心方向勾起,然后自然停在空中,而不是停靠在相临的弦上。 在吉他演奏中,勾弦拨法方法使用得最多,因为动作比较灵活,多用于演奏分解和弦。
这两种练习中都要加上大拇指参与练习,练习中,靠弦和钩弦可以结合一起练习,互相切换,掌握拨弦力度准确性和灵活性。 3.分解和弦练习
分解和弦练习其实在初学阶段非常重要的,你在练习的时候,手指要并拢,大拇指伸出其他三指的位置,根据节奏顺序,手指轮流去拨弦分解,节奏可以是先中速,再慢速,再快速。 轮指是比较难练的技巧,但想拥有一手流畅华丽又均匀快速的轮指,要下一番苦功。
4.扫弦练习
很多人认为扫弦比拨弦容易多了,真的是这样吗?扫弦并不是靠蛮力去扫,而是要用到你的手腕,扫弦时不需要挥动整只手腕手臂,只要转动你的手腕用巧力去扫。 下面介绍几种常见的扫弦方式:
a.大拇指扫弦:手指自然伸展,略呈弧形,所有反弦动作都用大拇指完成,这种手法扫弦声音丰满,整体性好,缺点是一来一回音色不够统一且亮度较差。 b.拇指与食指交叉成“十字”,其余手指呈飞鸟状伸开(自然并拢也可),下击时用食指指甲背,上击时用拇指指甲背。 这种扫弦声音清脆明亮、音色统一,缺点是声音略显单薄。
c.拨片 拨片又称拨子· 用于演奏阮、柳琴、吉他等乐器。一般由尼龙或者赛璐珞制成,价格也因材料不同而有所差异,一般赛璐珞的拨子在4-10元,而尼龙的拨子有的则高达百元。
拨片的持法:
拨片的持法其实因人而异,没有什么固定的姿势。一般会选择放在右手食指第一关节外侧,然后拇指以一定的角度轻松自然的按住整体拨片的三分之二或大部分,但不要捏的太紧,保持一定的自由度。
学习乐理知识
当练习到一定阶段后,就需要进一步学习乐理知识了,懂了乐理能够更好的帮助你理解和弦、调式、节奏等,还能够尝试给歌曲填和弦。
小节、小节线、复纵线与终止线
(1)小节:两条相邻的竖线之间的部分,称为小节。
(2)小节线:划分小节的竖线叫做小节线。
(3)复纵线:在乐曲中用以划分段落的、由两条细竖线构成的线,叫做复纵线。
(4)终止线:记在乐曲结束处的、一细一粗的两条平行竖线,叫做终止线。表示全曲的终止。
节拍、拍子与拍号
(1)节拍
乐曲中强(重音)弱(非重音)音有规律的反复,叫做节拍。节拍是用强弱关系来组织音乐的,节拍中的每个单位,叫做单位拍。
有重音的单位叫做强拍,非重音的单位叫做弱拍。
强弱 强弱 强弱弱 强弱弱 ●o ●o ●o o ●o O (●表示强、o表示弱、O 表示次弱)
注意:小节中的第一拍通常为强拍,若再有强拍则为次强拍。
(2)拍子
在音乐中,将单位拍用固定的音符(如二分音符、四分音符、八分音符)来代表, 叫做拍子。如可以以二分音符为一拍,也可以以四分音符为一拍,或以八分音符为一拍等。拍子是用分数来标记的。
(3)拍号
表示拍子的记号叫做拍号。如2/4、3/4、4/4等。
拍号用分数形式标记,分子(横线上方的数字)表示每小节的单位拍数,分母(横 线下方的数字)表示单位拍的音符时值。如差拍子表示以四分音符为一拍,每小节有四拍;主拍子表示以四分音符为一拍,每小节有三拍。
读拍号时应由下往上读,只读数字。如2/4拍子,读作四二拍子,而不应读成数学中的分数:四分之二拍。
音值组合法
将时值不同的音符,按照拍子的结构特点进行组合的记谱方法,叫做音值组合法。
使用音值组合法可以便于读谱和辩认各种节奏型。
音值组合法的几种情况:
(1)单位拍一般要用共同的减时线连成音群,单位拍之间要分开,因此有几个单位拍就有几个音群。
(2)在节奏划分比较繁琐的情况下,每一个主要的音群可以再分成两个或四个相等的附属的音群,第一条减时线可以不分开。
(3)以八分音符或十六分音符为单位拍时,应把小节内所有的单位拍用共同的减时线连接在一起,第二、第三条减时线再按单位拍分开。
(4)占整小节的时值时,用一个音符来标记。
(5)休止符也按照晋值组合法的规则来组合,只是连音线是用不着的。
(6)附点音符无须按单位拍分开。
(7)声乐曲的音值组合法,一般地足按照音值组合法的规则进行组合,但由于歌曲中带有歌词,因此又与一般的音值组合法略有不同。主要区别在于,当一字多音时,需加连线。
连音符
在音乐中,将音符的时值用自由均分来代替音符的基本划分(一分为二),叫做连音符。
连音符记在音符的上方,用弧线和数字来标记。
常见连音符有
(1)三连音
三连音就是将音均分为三部分来代替两部分,其时值为两部分的时值。
(2)五连音、六连音、七连音
将音符均分为五部分、六部分、七部来代替四部分,叫做五连音、六连音、七连音。
(3)九连音、十连音、十一连音......十五连音
将音符均分为九、十、十一......十五部分来代替八部分,叫做九连音、十连音、十一连音......十五连音。
切分音
切分音就是弱拍或弱位的音,延续到强拍或强位上而变为强音,这个音叫做切分音,含有切分音的节奏,叫做切分节奏。我们通常说切分音是(6 6 6),其实这是切分节奏,切分音应是切分节奏(6 6 6)的中间那个音。
通常小节中第一拍为强拍,第二拍为弱拍;而第一拍(强拍)的前半拍为强位,后半拍为弱位,第二拍(弱拍)的前半拍为弱拍中的强位,后半拍为弱拍中的弱位。
识谱
吉他谱就是弹奏吉他的记谱方法,包括“六线谱”、“五线谱”和“简谱”等。其中六线谱属记录指法的乐谱,是最常见的吉他谱,我们以最常见的六线谱为例,从上到下,依次为一弦、二弦,一直到六弦。这是对应咱们吉他的六根弦的,具体看下图示例,几种常见的吉他谱。
这六根线,具体对应下图的吉他琴弦,1弦最细,6弦最粗。
左手指法
图1六线谱上方是和弦图+和弦名,用来标注我们弹吉他时左手按弦的指法,谱上字母表示着调子的高低,这是最基础的识谱方法。
右手指法
右手指法可以看到丁香花吉他六线谱中用x表示,即左手按好和弦右手弹用x标注了的弦,有些吉他谱直接在六线谱上用数字标注,如《丁香花》吉他谱3小节中1弦上3、2、0表示左手按1弦3品,1弦2品,一弦空弦音(即左手不按弦时弹响的音)。
左右手的技巧
练熟基本的左右手技术后,要进一步学习左右手的技巧:
一、槌弦法(Hammer-on)
使用右手弹弦后,左手之任一手指可在该弦上任一琴格做槌弦动作,即在同一弦上,由一较低音槌击弦至高音的动作。槌弦时,瞬间动作要快,且槌弦后手指切勿松开。
练习:
二、勾弦法(Pull-off)
使用左手之任一指按住一音,待右手弹奏该弦后,左手手指将该弦往下方勾,再放掉该弦。即在同一弦上,由一较高音勾弦至较低音的动作。勾弦时,左手手指是朝着食指的方向往下勾。
练习:
三、滑弦法(Slide)
使用左手手指按住任一音,待右手弹弦后,左手手指顺着琴格滑至另一音的琴格上,左手手指切勿离弦。
另一种的滑弦称为 Gliss,Gliss的滑弦是一种没有指定音的滑音方式,不管下滑或是上滑都没有固定的音,也因为没有指定的音,所以比较偏向是一种“效果”而非是“音”。
练习:
四、推弦法(Chocking)
将一个音弹奏之后,将按着的弦往上推(或往下引)而改变音程的弹奏方式,称为Chocking。又可称之为 Bending。
练习:
和弦
和弦就是音程的构成关系,目的就是达到和谐好听,它的构成就像咱们通常说的三角形、平行四边形,梯形等等的构成关系是一样,三角形是最稳定的关系,那么,在和弦的构在中,因为135这三个音分别叫主音,中音,属音,在大调中属于最稳定的音,所以构成的大三和弦,引导整个歌曲的进行。其余的如属和弦,下属和弦也属于稳定的三角形,所以,也是构成歌曲的主要和弦之一,像其他的少见的7和弦,减和弦,增和弦,这些就是不稳的结构,就像平行四边形一样,起到装饰表达特殊情感的构成。
和弦的构成:
和弦就是以一个根音为基础,按固定的结构组成,无论在哪个调里,都是按此固定结构来组成,比如说大三和弦,固定结构是135,什么是固定的呢,音程和音数是固定的,13是大三度,35是小三度,所以,大三度+小三度构成的和弦就叫大三和弦,它的音数也是固定的,前面是两个全音,后同是一个半全音,因为吉他上一个品格是半音,所以,用全音半音来组和弦,更容易找到对应的音。
音阶
音阶最通俗的理解就是音的高低排列,就像台阶一样,从低到高,有个固定规律叫音阶,1234567i(多来咪发索拉稀多)7个台阶构成音阶循环到i(高音多)。
音级
音级最简单的理解就是七个音阶中每个音所处的等级。用全音半音来表示,比如说1到2之间就是全音,由两个半音组成,3和4之间就半音,由一个半音组成,然后还有7i之音也是一个半音组成,其他23、45、56、67都是由两个半音组成,叫全音,这是固定的。
十二平均律
十二平均律是一个规律,就是把7个音阶分成十二个级别的单独音(半音),形成固定的等级高低规律,叫十二平均律,怎么分的呢,就是把12、23、45、56、67的一个台阶劈成两个台阶,共十个音级,34和7i之间本身是半个台阶,这样就总共由12个小台阶线成一个循环规律,就叫十二平均律。
音程
音程最通俗的理解就是音与音之间的高度关系,通常有度作为单位来表示,就是咱们常听到的一度,二度,三度、五度等等。最简单的一度就是同一个音之间的高度叫一度,比如说1本身就是一度,2本身就是一度,3本身就是一度,4、5、6、7都是这样的叫纯一度。具体如下表:
音数
音数就是指音程中包含的全音半音的数目,比如说1-3叫中间有两个全音,音数就是2,属于大三度。
和弦是和声的基础,了解和弦的目的,一是为和弹唱伴奏,唱与弹的音形成和谐的关系,二是为了指弹独奏曲里的编配。
练习方式
练好吉他和弦对吉他初学者来说是一件不容易的事情,需要很好的耐心。
1、按住和弦,脚打拍子,心里默数节拍,一般初学数4拍为宜。
2、每4拍做一个循环,当数1的时候同时按下手指,数4即将结束的时候松开手指。
3、手指不要离开琴弦,只是松开。
当手型固定以后,还是按4拍来数,这时候手指离开琴弦,但要保持手型不变,以此类推,练习不同的和弦。尤其大横按的练习,以上步骤尤为重要。
4、当练习完成几个基本和弦以后,可以进行不同和弦的转换练习。
5、当单手转换比较熟练后,加入右手拨片扫弦,还是按照4拍进行就可。
6、扫弦练习比较熟练后,可进行分解和弦的连续。
分解和弦记谱:
以丁香花的吉他谱为例,1小节;左手按Em和弦然后右手分别弹响4弦-3弦-2弦-1弦-2弦-3弦,因为图2-2中可以看到每个音的时值是一样,所以我们弹响的每个音的时长也应该是一样的。
2小节;左手按Cmaj7和弦然后右手分别弹响5弦-3弦-2弦-1弦-2弦-3弦,同样时值也一样长。
3小节;左手按D和弦然后右手弹用x标注的弦,1弦上有数字3标注的表示左手按1弦3品弹出的音,然后左手按1弦2品弹出的音,再然后弹1弦空弦音(六线谱上0表示空弦音;即左手不按弦时弹响的音)
吉他六线谱中右手扫弦的记谱方法是,向下扫弦时用向上的箭头"↑" 标记,向上扫弦时用向下的箭头"↓"标记。扫弦节奏型的时值记法也与简谱的记法相同。
弹唱歌曲伴奏
当左右手都练熟以后就可以开始练习弹唱了,按照谱子先将吉他伴奏练熟,达到不需要过脑子的境界。
推荐歌曲:
01 Jam-《七月上》
02 朴树-《平凡之路》
03 宋冬野-《安和桥》
04 陈粒-《奇妙能力歌》
05 万能青年旅店-《杀死内个石家庄人》
06 痛仰乐队-《公路之歌》
还有《知足》五月天、《听不到》五月天、《我的歌声里》曲婉婷、《月亮代表我的心》各种版本、《老男孩》筷子兄弟、《彩虹》周杰伦、《忽然之间》莫文蔚、《爱的就是你》王力宏等等都是非常适用于新吉他手的入门歌曲。
推荐书籍
第一本,《索尔吉他教程》。作者费尔南多·索尔被称为“吉他音乐的贝多芬”,你就知道他的分量了,在这本书中,作者并没有像题主担心的那样加入各种练习曲,里面都是你想学的东西,如音乐学科理论、吉他讲解,音质和音色的分析、如何持琴、如何拨弦、每根弦上的指法安排等,看完你会有很多收获。这本书给我的最大感受就是作者是真的爱吉他、懂吉他,比如他觉得很多人批评吉他问题很多,其实是他们自己使用不当,同时他会提出改进方法,很值得一看的书!
第二本,《伯克利现代吉他教程》。此书豆瓣评分9.4,同类顶尖水平,书名中的伯克利是美国著名的伯克利音乐学院的简称,王力宏、欧阳娜娜、查理·普斯都是这里出来的。这本书的练习曲目多一些,但我还是推荐给你,原因有二:一,书中仍然有你需要的知识,包括和弦、指型,还有调弦、谱号等;二,书中的练习曲目是作者专门为吉他演奏而创作的原创作品,对提高你的音乐素养和演奏水平很有帮助,伯克利音乐学院的教材,值得你相信。
第三本,《从零起步学吉他》。看书名你就知道了,这是一本对初学者很友好的书,事实上也的确如此。书的开头介绍了吉他的起源、发展、构造、种类,还会教你怎么选购和保养,让你对吉他有一个深入的了解,这对你很有帮助。另外,题主关心的音阶、和弦、调和调式、指型等,书中都有详细的讲解,总之很适合你的一本书,也被不少吉他初学者推崇。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"吉他是一种弹拨乐器,通常有六条弦,形状与","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"提琴","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"相似。吉他在","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"流行音乐","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、摇滚音乐、蓝调、民歌、佛朗明哥中,常被视为主要乐器。与小提琴、钢琴并列为世界著名三大乐器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQa8oYyoqgWOwCgexIbkyoe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"吉他的分类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCmQWYC84Kamis5e0zBkJ3f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"吉他(意大利语:Chitarra),又译","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https%3A%2F%2Fbaike.baidu.com%2Fitem%2F%25E5%2585%25AD%25E5%25BC%25A6%25E7%2590%25B4%3FfromModule%3Dlemma_inlink"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"六弦琴","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。其面板与背板都是平的,琴腰部一般无角而往里凹,古典吉他一般无凹陷。琴颈很宽,长,指板上有弦枕并装有很多窄而稍向上凸起的金属制的横格,称之为“品”,它把琴弦划分为许多半音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK8sWWEkUeAw6KUDeu1IL0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"吉他品位的划分是:吉他的品位就是从琴头往音孔方向数的格数,比如第1格叫1品,第2格叫2品,以此类推。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne4EskegSESUYkd3roo8wMd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习吉他,首先要选一款吉他,常用的吉他大致分为民谣吉他、古典吉他和电吉他,要根据自己的喜好选择一种类型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUIc84GiUMGqiw1pAzRwXbf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"民谣吉他","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyI8EQQGgEAOQeKXu5yLCXg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"民谣吉他是吉他家族中最“平民化”的成员,演奏的人员最多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniKmimIUMAQoy0aNgdsaGwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"民谣吉他可细分为Acoustic guitar(圆角琴)和Cutaway(缺角琴),前者适合演奏","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"和弦","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",后者适合演奏高把位","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"Solo","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。民谣吉他琴颈比较细,上指扳宽42mm,从弦枕到琴身共14个品格,琴箱上有一个月牙形的护板,使用钢丝弦演奏。吉他家族中最“平民化”的成员。在指板上由弦枕到琴柄与琴箱结合处是14品格,指板较窄,使用钢弦,琴尾有背带钉,面板上一般有护板,可用指甲或","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"拨片","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"弹奏。民谣吉他","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"音色","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"圆润亮透,音质深淳厚,演奏姿势比较自由,主要用于给歌唱者","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"伴奏","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",适用于乡村、民谣及现代音乐,","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"演奏","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"形式较为轻松、随意。草根味比较重,是众多吉他中最平民的一种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnieaeCuCIY6ewgjidlQxkoc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":3357,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"民谣吉他","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1ba4b791065340479bf2c2719af41902","width":3357},"text":"","id":"doxcnESkAsqsgG8KUAJ5POEm6Ug"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"古典吉他","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEikWESay2ASMOq0ZLl9Ebh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古典吉他也是吉他家族成员,和","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"竖琴","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"鲁特琴","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"等同属古典式","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"弦琴","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"大类。在指板上由弦枕到琴柄与琴箱结合处是12品格,指板较宽,使用","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"尼龙弦","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",音质纯厚,音色丰富,没有防护板。主要用于演奏古典乐曲,从演奏姿势到手指触弦都有严格要求,技巧精深,是吉他家族中艺术性最高,最具代表意义,适应面最广,最有深度,最受艺术界肯定的一类。古典吉他是一种根据200多年前式样成型的以尼龙弦(100年前为羊肠)发声的乐器。古典吉他的构造与其他乐器(","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"民谣吉他","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"电吉他","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"等)有明显不同;古典吉他以独奏为主、兼顾一定量的重奏、协奏等;手指直接弹奏并结合各种特殊演奏技巧;从音乐的表现来讲:古典吉他以演奏古典乐为主,兼顾一定量的现代经典乐曲。细腻而多变的音色,丰富的多声部和声演奏能力,对不同时期、不同风格不同民族的音乐都能诠释自如。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSQuaKokAKWOcQ3fEcburdf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":966,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"古典吉他","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8e989b9856c64ddc8a06d8c20bf64e9f","width":986},"text":"","id":"doxcnmascm8MGAM60CYQHiQJB0e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电吉他","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu8kQquAA8kAcOegrD9lp3g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电吉他是","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https%3A%2F%2Fbaike.baidu.com%2Fitem%2F%25E7%258E%25B0%25E4%25BB%25A3%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25AD%25A6%25E6%258A%2580%25E6%259C%25AF%2F12211879%3FfromModule%3Dlemma_inlink"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"现代科学技术","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的产物,从外型到音响都与传统的吉他有着明显的差别。琴体使用新","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https%3A%2F%2Fbaike.baidu.com%2Fitem%2F%25E7%25A1%25AC%25E6%259C%25A8%3FfromModule%3Dlemma_inlink"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬木","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"制成,","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"配有音量、音高调节器(琴钮)以及","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https%3A%2F%2Fbaike.baidu.com%2Fitem%2F%25E9%25A2%25A4%25E9%259F%25B3%2F135604%3FfromModule%3Dlemma_inlink"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"颤音","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"结构(摇杆)等装置","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。配合","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https%3A%2F%2Fbaike.baidu.com%2Fitem%2F%25E6%2595%2588%25E6%259E%259C%25E5%2599%25A8%2F7378864%3FfromModule%3Dlemma_inlink"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"效果器","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的使用,电吉他有很强的表现力,在","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https%3A%2F%2Fbaike.baidu.com%2Fitem%2F%25E7%258E%25B0%25E4%25BB%25A3%25E9%259F%25B3%25E4%25B9%2590%2F9518355%3FfromModule%3Dlemma_inlink"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"现代音乐","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"中有很重要的位置。现在多用于歌曲伴奏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMiAYksw40WGcsFVKp4iuDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG8U4yqgy8gsEYLs8C9pNBe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":491,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"电吉他","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a72f1bfaa33848afb4236a7c5cb9352c","width":531},"text":"","id":"doxcnQSGUYOyUuSEYIeuUYpMfwT"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"吉他调弦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng6oaqigwuqsymKjJ4Chuvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"任何乐器使用之前都要保证音准,吉他则是通过调弦来实现的。扭动琴头的旋钮可以控制琴弦的张力,配合调音器或者调音软件可以方便准确的将琴调准。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMucmWmeiq628ETXX6Y7fSd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"调弦标准音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAM0ksmaYCE8cspfB7ojaLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"吉他调弦标准音、从低音六弦开始到高音一弦定音规定如下:\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"E 第六弦 E2 82.41HZ A 第五弦 A2 110HZ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"D 第四弦 D3 146.83HZ G 第三弦 G3 196HZ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"B 第二弦 B3 246.94HZ E第一弦 E4 329.63HZ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwsqQ2EKeIUWygNqJ1PNaad"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"调弦标准音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9bc4097c447f400781a13cd7176a276e","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnyoE40UsWGMWaqCSDOtzm4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先音名,CDEFGAB,这个就是用来记固定音高的符号,也就是无论它在哪个乐器上,音高就是固定的,所以,我们会看到,有些吉他音名分布图上,都是用字母来表示的,只不过,很少用小字,只用大字,但你只要理解这个音名固定的音高就行了,这就是音名。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4Aq2EkC4o8kSsNfjqIp0pg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":348,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"调弦标准音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bbd3ac6f1048490993f778ff061933ac","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnKiI6YgMemwgmQhFjDl35lg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音名是固定的音高,理解这个后,那么唱名和简谱就是相对的音高。也就是说音名在吉他是固定的,它的音高已经固定了,但唱名和简谱","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"音高,就跟调试有关系了,调高,唱的高度就不一样,调低,唱的音就相对低了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC2mm222cQ6msWyYLZl3KXg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKy2omAKMWuieWktVPEyy4g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":123,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"调弦标准音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ee39a81bd2aa4055b6b7b60859eee565","width":430},"text":"","id":"doxcnMOsW68GmwOOie81JIjTe9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如:在C大调","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"里","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",C唱哆,用1表示,与吉他上五弦三品的音一样高,但如果换成G调了,C在这里就唱发,用4表示,音高还是固定在五弦三品那里,只是在G调里唱成发了,用简谱4表示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQiM8SWgIOSGucvOB9lk9Dh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"调弦标准音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/83d7c71cc7fa409bbaca93a9b66c8eb5","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnAuyasiScuyEG8RIAzR7ghd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"也就是说,如果你看到谱子左上角,有个字母C=1,这时,表示C唱哆,是C大调,以C为哆来记谱唱音高,那么在这种情况下,D唱来,E唱咪,F唱发,G唱嗦,A唱拉,B唱稀,简谱还是按1234567来记,但如果写着G=1,这就表示G唱成1,以G为基准唱成哆,这时,音就相对高了,G调的来2,就是吉他上的A,咪3就是B,发4就是C,索5就是D,拉6就是E,F升4#就是稀。所以,你看到没,唱名简谱跟调的高低有关,所以,音高是相对的,不同的调,唱的高度不同,吉他品位也不同,是相对的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAeaeAkaKgAiWikP0UcehWb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"调音方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu6aY0iqysmqo4aQdyxYaDe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.五弦定音法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngkoKOkYAuEKgobXUeEdbWd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"1.五弦定音法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0724e4e856c142cc8b406305b4041308","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnSGA0qaEqa4aMUHJHgjerZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开手机随便拨打一个电话会出现嘟嘟的声音。按住6弦的5品并弹奏,使弹奏音与嘟音相同,此为标准音。完成了标准音的校准以后就可以开始下一步了 。同样是按住6弦5品,并同时弹奏6弦和5弦,仔细听音高是否相同,如果不相同分别弹奏6弦和5弦,确认音高了还是低了,并使用琴头的旋钮调节。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoIYSY4eo60aQiWEoIjsn2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接着按住5弦5品。音名为D,此音和四弦空弦同音。据此调好4弦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu8CCSEQAmucA0d2JiOmLob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"按上图的规律用刚才说的方法以此类推,调好余下的弦音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6wseam6saeUCEh6FjKKASd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.用电子调音器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW0AgqSgka0MqieWAAOUIFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此方法直观简便,","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"就是需要去购买一个电子调音器","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",按前面第一点说的规律。用电子调音器夹住琴头,然后拨第六弦。调音器显示如下图左上为E就调好了。 \\n下图中的E A D B E都是调好的正常显示绿色。\\n只有第三弦G显示红色,还没完全调好,需要微调一下。\\n如果弦松了,没调好,指针会在左边。需要紧一下。\\n如果弦调紧了,指针在右边。需要松一下。一直到指针在中间变成绿色的E就正确了。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"其它各弦按 E A D G B E 从低音到高音顺序,用上面方法调好就行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIAGA2u4AYGwoqcZog7oayb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":338,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"2.用电子调音器","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bd9e8066fb704b38a1c312c27ffdc631","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnKw6CsYMqQY8oG8u2ybv8bf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.手机软件调音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngI6i0U66GUmGuIWY3PXiaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"目前最实用不花钱的方法,","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"就是手机上下载一个调音软件","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。方法同上面一样。就是用调音软件调弦。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"手机调音软件有专用吉他的,也有音乐通用的。我这里用的是通用的。专用的吉他调音软件现在需要会员。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuOAygsQQ6qQ4WqzHzhQJbc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":640,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"3.手机软件调音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dfc661f44c52448bbd7ec3f367590867","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnW468Sia4KA4kWy8eVPAnih"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"拨弦和扫弦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6wgywcOIG8GA8RoMaks0af"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们都知道,弹吉他时,左右手分工不同,左手是负责按出音阶或和弦,右手则是弹奏,右手在弹奏过程中,各个手指的分工也不同,大拇指负责6、5、4弦,食指负责3弦,中指负责2弦,无名指负责1弦,小指可以抵住面板作为加固稳定。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmYwOSkico2q64cRe08pCjd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习方式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0AmKSeyUWuyEITwu1TEEOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据手指离开琴弦的方向我们可以将拨弦分为两种方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmOIM02Yu24sSQrCbGzbsTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"靠弦拨法和勾弦拨法:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnocMoUgAIUqgo0K9HHQnYZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"靠弦拨法:手指拨弦后,顺势停靠在下一根相临的弦上,比如拔完6弦后顺势靠在5弦上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAuog4mcy6kEeWquSG4vatg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":440,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习方式","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5aa0768f40d147fcbf7a535d4f4a83b9","width":870},"text":"","id":"doxcn0kmGmeAyWk06GEbpBlOnnd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\\n勾弦拨法:手指拨弦后,稍微向手心方向勾起,然后自然停在空中,而不是停靠在相临的弦上。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在吉他演奏中,勾弦拨法方法使用得最多,因为动作比较灵活,多用于演奏分解和弦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaOsQ4qiOG28wqsFx4Cnieh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":406,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习方式","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/350d4a1837bc4bbcbf11481b17c64652","width":636},"text":"","id":"doxcn2YS0gg6EeGk4ArC73tv7ld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\\n这两种练习中都要加上大拇指参与练习,练习中,靠弦和钩弦可以结合一起练习,互相切换,掌握拨弦力度准确性和灵活性。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"3.分解和弦练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA8WkcseyuImKAxpDl7kFph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"分解和弦练习其实在初学阶段非常重要的,你在练习的时候,手指要并拢,大拇指伸出其他三指的位置,根据节奏顺序,手指轮流去拨弦分解,节奏可以是先中速,再慢速,再快速。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"轮指是比较难练的技巧,但想拥有一手流畅华丽又均匀快速的轮指,要下一番苦功。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsiqUsQAuGQOAkFclHtRbmc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习方式","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2e03f06ea49046b58db91c9537086701","width":946},"text":"","id":"doxcno4ECGwgooMcywd69gbWlcf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"4.扫弦练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCccMIkuwGAem6Ug3eUBOJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"很多人认为扫弦比拨弦容易多了,真的是这样吗?扫弦并不是靠蛮力去扫,而是要用到你的手腕,扫弦时不需要挥动整只手腕手臂,只要转动你的手腕用巧力去扫。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"下面介绍几种常见的扫弦方式:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniQcGyacYWg6w8ELXmZQkvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"a.大拇指扫弦:手指自然伸展,略呈弧形,所有反弦动作都用大拇指完成,这种手法扫弦声音丰满,整体性好,缺点是一来一回音色不够统一且亮度较差。\\nb.拇指与食指交叉成“十字”,其余手指呈飞鸟状伸开(自然并拢也可),下击时用食指指甲背,上击时用拇指指甲背。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"这种扫弦声音清脆明亮、音色统一,缺点是声音略显单薄。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCCAYMSSa4CEwaaoAimoJge"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":476,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习方式","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/917fae17f2de44228efd609c3e813622","width":754},"text":"","id":"doxcnGwaqYyggaq0m2fvcJZXADg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"c.","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"拨片","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"拨片又称拨子· 用于演奏阮、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"柳琴","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"吉他","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"等乐器。一般由","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"尼龙","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"或者","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"赛璐珞","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"制成,价格也因材料不同而有所差异,一般赛璐珞的拨子在4-10元,而尼龙的拨子有的则高达百元。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6EUu88w6KgISCAIbNAZemd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":520,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习方式","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f20f4f5dfa454c109568acd12207baf9","width":520},"text":"","id":"doxcnuUqQASOMAu20QvUUBVol9e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"拨片的持法:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkou06mASe4IOeaUf6DOUjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拨片的持法其实因人而异,没有什么固定的姿势。一般会选择放在右手食指第一关节外侧,然后拇指以一定的角度轻松自然的按住整体拨片的三分之二或大部分,但不要捏的太紧,保持一定的自由度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWuKSeqg6oAKgUNpzVjo0Db"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGksUmcKQmq2CUXLUeRF05g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":505,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习方式","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ffd42def7cfb40148506f47a982d47ae","width":641},"text":"","id":"doxcnyMyAk8qqwAOUgJkou2f7zb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6wsIo0CwkoMc4eETiD2bCd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniwI4eKM4cgWqs3lZCUOrsm"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习乐理知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng8yAyUWyWssWygf6R13huh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当练习到一定阶段后,就需要进一步学习乐理知识了,懂了乐理能够更好的帮助你理解和弦、调式、节奏等,还能够尝试给歌曲填和弦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQmgw446qoCcUaoVxPgJIad"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"小节、小节线、复纵线与终止线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEamQKii8MGIG8YCrnghiqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)小节:两条相邻的竖线之间的部分,称为小节。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2Qy8cI6g6QMsVpC9dnIPEx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)小节线:划分小节的竖线叫做小节线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsGOAc4S2SOuuApXvBE4Rue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)复纵线:在乐曲中用以划分段落的、由两条细竖线构成的线,叫做复纵线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyayyE4q6GIWA8MhWqjz22b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)终止线:记在乐曲结束处的、一细一粗的两条平行竖线,叫做终止线。表示全曲的终止。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6qKq6Qms0CsqSWZJP6j2uf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"节拍、拍子与拍号","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwOw6WucMQ8SoXHkgpzkatJ"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)节拍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUQeOcMggmCUEchHNDFaOLf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"乐曲中强(重音)弱(非重音)音有规律的反复,叫做节拍。节拍是用强弱关系来组织音乐的,节拍中的每个单位,叫做单位拍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCycugiYuISKaWAzamtzrpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有重音的单位叫做强拍,非重音的单位叫做弱拍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWku8WOMEWiYguCpXXIyS0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"强弱 强弱 强弱弱 强弱弱 ●o ●o ●o o ●o O (●表示强、o表示弱、O 表示次弱)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncsaAOW8KUYQiETg7usUheb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意:小节中的第一拍通常为强拍,若再有强拍则为次强拍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIm6mMw0i26kqGgdPjzlB4e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)拍子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAqWS4WiOw2IgmmAhuwTxzc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在音乐中,将单位拍用固定的音符(如二分音符、四分音符、八分音符)来代表, 叫做拍子。如可以以二分音符为一拍,也可以以四分音符为一拍,或以八分音符为一拍等。拍子是用分数来标记的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKCmewQ0aQMWU27efF5Nd3b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)拍号","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYQUCE2S0kYUimyJuKYj5pd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"表示拍子的记号叫做拍号。如2/4、3/4、4/4等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnygwqm0QWk2Mk2ruaMXp0Nc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拍号用分数形式标记,分子(横线上方的数字)表示每小节的单位拍数,分母(横 线下方的数字)表示单位拍的音符时值。如差拍子表示以四分音符为一拍,每小节有四拍;主拍子表示以四分音符为一拍,每小节有三拍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYQE60Sw6Mm0cQJhuI5AdBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"读拍号时应由下往上读,只读数字。如2/4拍子,读作四二拍子,而不应读成数学中的分数:四分之二拍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMWuWeGOqeiiA69Hn79sHUb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音值组合法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8Cm0esOOGa6MU1kFAIAzyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将时值不同的音符,按照拍子的结构特点进行组合的记谱方法,叫做音值组合法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKY04OqyWO2kWIxp9xDRSyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用音值组合法可以便于读谱和","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"辩认","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"各种节奏型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnimIoMoYkS8GKySH2kXZJxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音值组合法的几种情况:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnksWgS24qIQGS4S60BSi5Qd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)单位拍一般要用共同的减时线连成音群,单位拍之间要分开,因此有几个单位拍就有几个音群。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSAA6aaMoc8sEgf7R4R8IRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)在节奏划分比较繁琐的情况下,每一个主要的音群可以再分成两个或四个相等的附属的音群,第一条减时线可以不分开。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYGuaaYiM8qw6cVVamfwIbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)以八分音符或十六分音符为单位拍时,应把小节内所有的单位拍用共同的减时线连接在一起,第二、第三条减时线再按单位拍分开。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6AGm4W82KOMiuG14woAFze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)占整小节的时值时,用一个音符来标记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIg2qykUquEgUsHYkROrr1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)休止符也按照晋值组合法的规则来组合,只是连音线是用不着的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4kWOaugWEEkMOenCkFUP1P"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(6)附点音符无须按单位拍分开。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOKecwK4a4M0A8DlItfYNfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(7)声乐曲的音值组合法,一般地足按照音值组合法的规则进行组合,但由于歌曲中带有歌词,因此又与一般的音值组合法略有不同。主要区别在于,当一字多音时,需加连线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwwWyKUikM2Ss49e8iOPT1f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"连音符","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQo0C4qGmmkQgaSkk4Lyiif"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在音乐中,将音符的时值用自由均分来代替音符的基本划分(一分为二),叫做连音符。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq6s2GKA6Cea4eA9FpHqrBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"连音符记在音符的上方,用弧线和数字来标记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSykCMuMU0ESiMP2P0bNVR4"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常见连音符有","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns6QyMUuo0IwIUT5D2aFcue"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)三连音 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncesEGEmssicMiUOdm0uxqc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三连音就是将音均分为三部分来代替两部分,其时值为两部分的时值。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYOyGaMSeSauQo1hfqVzZtf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)五连音、六连音、七连音 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4ueoYw8gwuAYYldPydunMh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将音符均分为五部分、六部分、七部来代替四部分,叫做五连音、六连音、七连音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2UWU8ASQIA2ssZ38cBovnf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)九连音、十连音、十一连音......十五连音 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS2CksGmawccQiqGJuvjDCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将音符均分为九、十、十一......十五部分来代替八部分,叫做九连音、十连音、十一连音......十五连音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEiQGG80mMSuq0Gx5ySoc7e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"切分音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIeOMaC0gWKEiQzYueraOUf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"切分音就是弱拍或弱位的音,延续到强拍或强位上而变为强音,这个音叫做切分音,含有切分音的节奏,叫做切分节奏。我们通常说切分音是(6 6 6),其实这是切分节奏,切分音应是切分节奏(6 6 6)的中间那个音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnScKugEOsec4GELrJ3ldoQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通常小节中第一拍为强拍,第二拍为弱拍;而第一拍(强拍)的前半拍为强位,后半拍为弱位,第二拍(弱拍)的前半拍为弱拍中的强位,后半拍为弱拍中的弱位。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4mIoQIsaySuIQ1yQIGqmGg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"识谱","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2OAscGi4SOCikpg80Ir3m5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"吉他谱就是弹奏吉他的记谱方法,包括“六线谱”、“五线谱”和“简谱”等。其中六线谱属记录指法的乐谱,是最常见的吉他谱,我们以最常见的六线谱为例,从上到下,依次为一弦、二弦,一直到六弦。这是对应咱们吉他的六根弦的,具体看下图示例,几种常见的吉他谱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoocsw4WKqqYSEPfapgqjUg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":225,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"识谱","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d6586810ca844acdb6c1afc6506f79b6","width":263},"text":"","id":"doxcn2GMCeqe2I4Quy21zJptK8e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这六根线,具体对应下图的吉他琴弦,1弦最细,6弦最粗。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKsQOYgEqAuqiADL0F6PGIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM4Ag8QAUA6e4YbOWNLfAih"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":166,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"识谱","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e6dd596066d4473d975587a85b151912","width":486},"text":"","id":"doxcnyGQ6eqSaSeuaE5bSjraIbh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"左手指法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQwAmK46SIyY2QX0hoYpRzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图1六线谱上方是和弦图+和弦名,用来标注我们弹吉他时左手按弦的指法,谱上字母表示着调子的高低,这是最基础的识谱方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA2IeUUyCoAOeUp4WBVf6Th"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"右手指法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCUSGk2IEisyWiq2DIVsvnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"右手指法可以看到丁香花吉他六线谱中用x表示,即","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"左手按好","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"和弦右手弹用x标注了的弦,有些吉他谱直接在六线谱上用数字标注,如《丁香花》吉他谱3小节中1弦上3、2、0表示左手按1弦3品,1弦2品,一弦空弦音(即左手不按弦时弹响的音)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOqWOyWssQwqkSShPmg2hSe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":328,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"右手指法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e10c3936f1d04408a3dc1d2d4b16fba7","width":476},"text":"","id":"doxcnqyaousqKs4yiKihO9Stn8f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"左右手的技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMAegIOQmqiCouu3iuXhvhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练熟基本的左右手技术后,要进一步学习左右手的技巧:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwIOAGi4EumiKU5qzAwepBb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、槌弦法(Hammer-on)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGQ8ISky4MCAcuiPt1elFwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用右手弹弦后,左手之任一手指可在该弦上任一琴格做槌弦动作,即在同一弦上,由一较低音槌击弦至高音的动作。槌弦时,瞬间动作要快,且槌弦后手指切勿松开。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI06UsQckikuiURnvI0FlKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM0uqWuq2MOGc4xWLiWnSbb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":283,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"一、槌弦法(Hammer-on)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d45866f3fded479f94278307b456e271","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnK2QoQSeYsouWYfIxY6299d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMKiugM8Asu4kWje79235bb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":201,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"一、槌弦法(Hammer-on)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a26e0ad58bfd4c10a3ea4bc23a772cdf","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnIWoGcEyuWyWiM5fAviMThf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、勾弦法(Pull-off) ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2eMguKMiioQosxbgZkoief"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用左手之任一指按住一音,待右手弹奏该弦后,左手手指将该弦往下方勾,再放掉该弦。即在同一弦上,由一较高音勾弦至较低音的动作。勾弦时,左手手指是朝着食指的方向往下勾。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8OyiIAwKEwWis9SkZhq6kf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":272,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二、勾弦法(Pull-off) ","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/157ac8745a3f4cc8bce486075584224e","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnk6W6keSmYcOA0Wz1w8PWye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneUweMksk8acspD54HexNES"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":203,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二、勾弦法(Pull-off) ","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5c20619c960942f6aabc04eb87187fe7","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcn2YQ4GsycU2s4Oa1UH2pnMb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、滑弦法(Slide) ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWQaIsYyesY4Q2pA4DTmqLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用左手手指按住任一音,待右手弹弦后,左手手指顺着琴格滑至另一音的琴格上,左手手指切勿离弦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6QWGomekeqWC4mOC9Bmdzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另一种的滑弦称为 Gliss,Gliss的滑弦是一种没有指定音的滑音方式,不管下滑或是上滑都没有固定的音,也因为没有指定的音,所以比较偏向是一种“效果”而非是“音”。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCwu0WU2GEWaIIHWwkBN0rh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSO8o8YymY2quyUEvKeYzFc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":302,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三、滑弦法(Slide) ","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a0754cc5c2104ea883b44c3985f93d99","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcn4O2UwEG2k4io4B7EOBtTIg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY0yWqaqWyu8EIneZNyPLYe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":196,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三、滑弦法(Slide) ","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ac13ae5ed8b3455890f6090772fd5a0e","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnCEcQqouAMGskNZzWudFiBR"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、推弦法(Chocking) ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAeqQeU24OkYmIR314MvCVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将一个音弹奏之后,将按着的弦往上推(或往下引)而改变音程的弹奏方式,称为Chocking。又可称之为 Bending。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0Ge8qKiGO4AO6jxUxaY9oh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":183,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四、推弦法(Chocking) ","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9e09d18f7cd240a4aee12183ea9004e2","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnw6auw6WMkiYMrp2TNgUTqs"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniuuKSac2YkAuuM6NrIS70c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":173,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四、推弦法(Chocking) ","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c842fb6a368443a9f805c03ff4853c3","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcn00UiYMIUuUieI16OIsDHnd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"和弦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM6ykQA64seAoUx6BF9BGfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"和弦就是音程的构成关系,目的就是达到和谐好听,它的构成就像咱们通常说的三角形、平行四边形,梯形等等的构成关系是一样,三角形是最稳定的关系,那么,在和弦的构在中,因为135这三个音分别叫主音,中音,属音,在大调中属于最稳定的音,所以构成的大三和弦,引导整个歌曲的进行。其余的如属和弦,下属和弦也属于稳定的三角形,所以,也是构成歌曲的主要和弦之一,像其他的少见的7和弦,减和弦,增和弦,这些就是不稳的结构,就像平行四边形一样,起到装饰表达特殊情感的构成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ6kYSkAKUCEMgP9TdkgLlg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"和弦的构成:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUo0i0AguwEqcEHJ7JZCvmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"和弦就是以一个根音为基础,按固定的结构组成,无论在哪个调里,都是按此固定结构来组成,比如说大三和弦,固定结构是135,什么是固定的呢,音程和音数是固定的,13是大三度,35是小三度,所以,大三度+小三度构成的和弦就叫大三和弦,它的音数也是固定的,前面是两个全音,后同是一个半全音,因为吉他上一个品格是半音,所以,用全音半音来组和弦,更容易找到对应的音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncAcsQcKsGkaaQLaEL8yUYd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音阶","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8uSu46iW0qAIcR3lwt3jKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音阶最通俗的理解就是音的高低排列,就像台阶一样,从低到高,有个固定规律叫音阶,1234567i(多来咪发索拉稀多)7个台阶构成音阶循环到i(高音多)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniwiS42qGmsoAiAnDHsXqEf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSKYS0Y6OoagwUFKoM6adeg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":280,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音阶","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7d0ddd362fe04558b9541c6592344c0a","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnQmSwOQki4CyGYXSO7ttJFd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音级","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsgeA4YMC4IMwSiCwDe0ctb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音级最简单的理解就是七个音阶中每个音所处的等级。用全音半音来表示,比如说1到2之间就是全音,由两个半音组成,3和4之间就半音,由一个半音组成,然后还有7i之音也是一个半音组成,其他23、45、56、67都是由两个半音组成,叫全音,这是固定的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmoYUI2O8e6qAaOicfbdspd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnggIMOOySEE8iOEFgFJJfMd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":315,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音级","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6095762e9624478f814a86272c3587b0","width":475},"text":"","id":"doxcnKqy6MK0CKM4uyKsplSkCWg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"十二平均律","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCcqQwk86iWSsQjkYoTOOth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十二平均律是一个规律,就是把7个音阶分成十二个级别的单独音(半音),形成固定的等级高低规律,叫十二平均律,怎么分的呢,就是把12、23、45、56、67的一个台阶劈成两个台阶,共十个音级,34和7i之间本身是半个台阶,这样就总共由12个小台阶线成一个循环规律,就叫十二平均律。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneUyGk2oO0UqW4aiUbJ4Vff"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS82e080OciAMohnIJHwcTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音程最通俗的理解就是音与音之间的高度关系,通常有度作为单位来表示,就是咱们常听到的一度,二度,三度、五度等等。最简单的一度就是同一个音之间的高度叫一度,比如说1本身就是一度,2本身就是一度,3本身就是一度,4、5、6、7都是这样的叫纯一度。具体如下表:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0GAKG6ikKaMKOWkEXgCUVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4CsA2KKUWqK6ORNaA87Zr9"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":756,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2092cca416645e39aa4da6d89359f1c","width":765},"text":"","id":"doxcnAQwoCYYaeuoAos5Sm6jJqb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音数","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYC6iCYKkwGM06zaI6sfrpe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音数就是指音程中包含的全音半音的数目,比如说1-3叫中间有两个全音,音数就是2,属于大三度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngyiUiQmYuO8e45PLMtpAob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC6SGiUa6QaaKcQL8Nq2LpC"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":740,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音数","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/788536e4c1b34252b32f2e7299042c40","width":740},"text":"","id":"doxcnQq44CmkQgeOUEbl7usH8nh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"和弦是和声的基础,了解和弦的目的,一是为和弹唱伴奏,唱与弹的音形成和谐的关系,二是为了指弹独奏曲里的编配。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn82Gc6ioQgOm48j52kTpBWe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习方式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWYUYQ8AekGmYIbOoxuzV9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练好吉他和弦对吉他初学者来说是一件不容易的事情,需要很好的耐心。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6I4KioQ02sC4wXVMEg29Dg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"按住和弦,脚打拍子,心里默数节拍,一般初学数4拍为宜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU064WkQOWsCCAYUVpU57dE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、每4拍做一个循环,当数1的时候同时按下手指,数4即将结束的时候松开手指。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWW2GcCAWMAkiG6Rombg83d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、手指不要离开琴弦,只是松开。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngCm4CmmgSK2gvrQbFtLELQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当手型固定以后,还是按4拍来数,这时候手指离开琴弦,但要保持手型不变,以此类推,练习不同的和弦。尤其大横按的练习,以上步骤尤为重要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmCoU84aAS0uy6DuWY5GTHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、当练习完成几个基本和弦以后,可以进行不同和弦的转换练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmGko80oKKkegkJBgq51dlg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、当单手转换比较熟练后,加入右手拨片扫弦,还是按照4拍进行就可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0aqww4GICQ6cKIqOYLLIQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、扫弦练习比较熟练后,可进行分解和弦的连续。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEQkUuqkmioksaA7AaQWqVc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"分解和弦记谱:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnawuwwuA8Im4cCBtkCquycb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以丁香花的吉他谱为例,1小节;左手按Em和弦然后右手分别弹响4弦-3弦-2弦-1弦-2弦-3弦,因为图2-2中可以看到每个音的时值是一样,所以我们弹响的每个音的时长也应该是一样的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmqyGqmISqa60mA6YlGA5Bg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2小节;左手按Cmaj7和弦然后右手分别弹响5弦-3弦-2弦-1弦-2弦-3弦,同样时值也一样长。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm88Is0kiSwk4Wm5wrQQNoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3小节;左手按D和弦然后右手弹用x标注的弦,1弦上有数字3标注的表示左手按1弦3品弹出的音,然后左手按1弦2品弹出的音,再然后弹1弦空弦音(六线谱上0表示空弦音;即左手不按弦时弹响的音)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGAcsg62eOYkwKKiQS4kgCb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":177,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"分解和弦记谱:","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4e2420d143774e41950416ce2f5bec1b","width":514},"text":"","id":"doxcnq4IiM4GaKwEoIdhyXB6NGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaCw4qESoaEMIcbwvOyFGdc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":308,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"分解和弦记谱:","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/347ebf70f1734c68bd3460e00639d70c","width":503},"text":"","id":"doxcn4s4gkISIMeuwARTLWh5uhg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"吉他六线谱中右手扫弦的记谱方法是,向下扫弦时用向上的箭头\"↑\" 标记,向上扫弦时用向下的箭头\"↓\"标记。扫弦节奏型的时值记法也与简谱的记法相同。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnskCQq6yYam2cc1M28rb74g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"弹唱歌曲伴奏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2msKCKA80W4yMRaUT5Z0ih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当左右手都练熟以后就可以开始练习弹唱了,按照谱子先将吉他伴奏练熟,达到不需要过脑子的境界。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAm6KU6M8Owmy89hc4qzQth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐歌曲:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI0iKAUA0MWiSoR0AOlX0Zc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"01 Jam-《七月上》 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOAYuUmEu4UyaiUPG1hNmpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8oioass0akeYCckDAUmN5d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":715,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"弹唱歌曲伴奏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c73ecfd2bbaf43458787f8a406549ffd","width":565},"text":"","id":"doxcnWwUmu6skCWSI4xFPp8esQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"02 朴树-《平凡之路》 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngYyUqqymO6Y4gPTppY91Wf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngWaUmuKEguei89r4yC7voe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":972,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"弹唱歌曲伴奏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7db915958d2b43379256deba64a3f652","width":720},"text":"","id":"doxcnss66QqsqG8YQKUqNMCKlph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"03 宋冬野-《安和桥》 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGsQw2oUWSOwEEz7RvfOyvc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":861,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"弹唱歌曲伴奏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ecd83819030843d3bc6c5ff814f82a4c","width":720},"text":"","id":"doxcnQM8SQAcIGsmsGm4Tnpzlqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUwWW4aaKWoMEHrkJmXXhDu"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"04 陈粒-《奇妙能力歌》 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEeKq4QAAoIgS6uZpTJzNkb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":607,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"弹唱歌曲伴奏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f1e3cc264eb948c398fd298068e1969c","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcn2a0u2cAA8yay2zrXjOy4hf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWSWsaUq8EeKuAx0u7kcjAb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"05 万能青年旅店-《杀死内个石家庄人》 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIm6QCSooK0Ckw36EMNNsph"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":895,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"弹唱歌曲伴奏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7ea6adcf172444b79c72b9db2ff9e385","width":720},"text":"","id":"doxcnwWO422I4Uk42UNydVNMGvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnce4mWIUMmi0y65L8aBgwpH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"06 痛仰乐队-《公路之歌》 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE6a2Ig28IikiGM1DSKamrh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":719,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"弹唱歌曲伴奏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bc92f979177441c19035f5653291117e","width":524},"text":"","id":"doxcnYk4AGQ0YOKQkIVyaK44Qfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"还有《知足》五月天、《听不到》五月天、《我的歌声里》曲婉婷、《月亮代表我的心》各种版本、《老男孩》筷子兄弟、《彩虹》周杰伦、《忽然之间》莫文蔚、《爱的就是你》王力宏等等都是非常适用于新吉他手的入门歌曲。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyKWeMecEua6Oi8yNiN5Scd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐书籍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK6OAMsQIy4wQmIEGVUL1zh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一本,《","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"索尔吉他教程","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》。作者费尔南多·索尔被称为“吉他音乐的贝多芬”,你就知道他的分量了,在这本书中,作者并没有像题主担心的那样加入各种练习曲,里面都是你想学的东西,如音乐学科理论、吉他讲解,音质和音色的分析、如何持琴、如何拨弦、每根弦上的指法安排等,看完你会有很多收获。这本书给我的最大感受就是作者是真的爱吉他、懂吉他,比如他觉得很多人批评吉他问题很多,其实是他们自己使用不当,同时他会提出改进方法,很值得一看的书!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAymIAAoQceIesTu10tLr7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二本,《","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"伯克利现代吉他教程","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》。此书豆瓣评分9.4,同类顶尖水平,书名中的伯克利是美国著名的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"伯克利音乐学院","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的简称,王力宏、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"欧阳娜娜","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、查理·普斯都是这里出来的。这本书的练习曲目多一些,但我还是推荐给你,原因有二:一,书中仍然有你需要的知识,包括和弦、指型,还有调弦、谱号等;二,书中的练习曲目是作者专门为吉他演奏而创作的原创作品,对提高你的音乐素养和演奏水平很有帮助,伯克利音乐学院的教材,值得你相信。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnACSMqGAeiiWci4Ykvoa17e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三本,《","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"从零起步学吉他","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》。看书名你就知道了,这是一本对初学者很友好的书,事实上也的确如此。书的开头介绍了吉他的起源、发展、构造、种类,还会教你怎么选购和保养,让你对吉他有一个深入的了解,这对你很有帮助。另外,题主关心的音阶、和弦、调和调式、指型等,书中都有详细的讲解,总之很适合你的一本书,也被不少吉他初学者推崇。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnisGoOq0QmUQei3AMJetqeb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIUY42oEUAAUusG2aaZUC0t"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E
6. jd-5b电动机保护器说明书
JD-5B具有两个较大的缺陷: 1 无反时限保护:保护器通过一个时间调节旋钮和一个电流调节旋钮设定,当时间调节旋钮设定不当,且电流整定较小时,保护器检测到过电流后会很快动作。
2 不能空载运行:保护器得电(1.2点有220V或380V电源),但三相电流同时为0时,保护器会认为缺相,此时保护器会在2s内动作。