ddbe电动机保护器说明书(tdhde电动机综合保护器说

1. tdhde电动机综合保护器说明书

型号叫“Faster E+”。售价 6980元！捷安特Faster E+,车架采用全新Aluxx轻量化铝合金车架，整车<17kg，造型更有运动感和速度感，最像自行车的电动车。全新微电系统，后置电机 全管内电池，三种助力模式骑乘者可自由选择。

全新GIANT Compact高效同步后置灵巧电机以及来自松下的250Wh精质高效锂电池，ECO模式下续航可达65km

2. hhd1f电动机保护器说明书

电动机综合保护器需要正确设置：额定电压、额定电流、额定功率、负载类型和性质等参数。

3. gdh电机保护器及使用说明

过载保护器的工作原理

　　如今制冷压缩机的过载保护器的使用越来越广泛，今天我就给大家介绍一下制冷压缩机的过载保护器的原理。

　　a、一般制冷系统里面所用的制冷压缩机过载保护器都是采用的突跳式双金属保护器。

　　b、这种保护器主要是由加热丝、双金属片和两个静触点组成的一个完整的电路，然后串联到制冷压缩机所在的电路里面。

　　c、其工作原理是当系统电路里面的电流无故增大时，加热丝就会产生大量的热量。当双金属片在加热丝热量的烘烤之下，就会变得反向拱起，从而达到与触电断开的目的，切断整个电路。

　　d、即便是电路中的电流很小，但是制冷压缩机的外壳或者电机温度过高，也会产生同样的现象。从而有效的保护制冷压缩机的安全运行。更方便之处在于这种保护是可以自动复位的，因此使用过程中非常的方便。

　　过载保护器使用

　　a、制冷压缩机的过载保护器根据其配置方式的不同，对于制冷压缩机的保护作用是完全不同的，整体而言内置式过载保护器的灵敏度和准确度都要远高于外置式过载保护器，因此它对于制冷压缩机的保护作用也要大很多；

　　b、在制冷剂不足或者有泄漏的情况下，两种过载保护器的保护效果都非常的有限，因此为了防止保护不力，一个完整的制冷系统中一般都要增设针对冷媒不足的专门保护；

　　c、在制冷剂过多的情况下，两种过载保护器的保护作用同样有限，因此也要有相应的补充措施来保证制冷压缩机的不被伤害；

　　d、在高压缩比的情况下，过载保护器的保护作用也是非常微弱的，因此也需要单独设置低压的保护措施来保护制冷压缩机。

　　电机过载保护器的用途

　　电机过载保护器以微电脑控制器（MCU）为核心元件，通过高精度CT检测电流，电机保护器具有自动线性修正功能，在宽电流范围内仍具有较高的测量精度。

　　电机过载保护器对过载、短路、堵转、欠载、缺相、三相电流不平衡、过压、欠压、相序、接触器故障等具有可靠的保护作用；并可实现报警和事件记录。

　　该过载保护器具有性价比高、功能齐全、工作稳定可靠、精度高、保护动作准确、安装、参数设定简单方便等特点。

　　适用于机械、冶金、建材、化工、纺织行业等工业三相电动机及其它电器的保护与监测。

4. hhd2一d电动机保护器说明书

电机绕组匝数计算公式

D2=（D+D1）÷2=D1+d=D－d。

匝数：每个线圈的圈数。绕组导线穿过铁心窗口一次，为一匝。

一个线圈的导线根数不一定就是匝数，只有并绕根数等于1时，一个线圈的导线根数才等于线圈的匝数。有如下关系：一个线圈的导线根数一并绕根数×匝数电机定子每槽中的导线数目是指在单层绕组中，

每槽导线数等于匝数；在双层绕组中，每槽导线数是瓜数的两倍即2x匝数。绕组的每槽导线数N（应为整数），双层绕组的N一般应为偶整数。

5. hhd3e-dl电机保护器说明书

Adobe Premiere是Adobe家族的一款剪辑软件，它给我的感觉就是入门快、功能强大，无论是对于新手还是专业人士，PR在大部分情况下都是很友好的。

认识PR

Pr全称Adobe Premiere，是Adobe公司开发的一款视频剪辑&编辑软件。主要用于视频采集、视频剪辑、调色、添加字幕、编辑音频、渲染输出。

Premiere提供了采集、剪辑、调色、美化音频、字幕添加、输出、DVD刻录的一整套流程，并和其他Adobe软件高效集成，使用户足以完成在编辑、制作、工作流上遇到的所有挑战，满足用户创建高质量作品的要求。

下载PR软件

Adobe官网下载

进入Adobe官网进行下载https://www.adobe.com/cn/products/premiere.html

其他网页下载

1、打开浏览器今日头条搜索3D溜溜网，进入官网

2、打开浏览器百度搜索3D溜溜网，进入官网，点击上面【···】三个点之后选择【软件插件】里的【羽兔网软件下载】

3、选择【常用软件】里的【视频制作】

4、向下滑，在下面找到PR2018版本的进行【软件下载】，里面还有其他版本，这里选择的是适配win7的。

PR窗口介绍

Premiere软件由菜单栏、常用工具栏、时间轴、侧边面板栏（组件窗口）组成。主工作区有素材（项目）管理窗口、素材预览窗口、视频监视器窗口、时间轴窗口、调音台窗口、调色窗口等。

菜单栏

菜单栏可以说是整个软件的功能导图，为软件中大多数功能提供了菜单入口，例如PR软件中的绝大多数功能在对应的菜单栏中都可以找到。

功能窗口切换区域:(组件、编辑、颜色、效果、音频、字幕、库......)

功能窗口切换区域是软件为剪辑、调色、音频、字幕等不同功能定义的界面布局方案。点击对应的功能，软件会自动切换到使用该功能时的界面布局。

源素材预览窗口

源窗口主要是为项目面板中素材(视频、音频、图片)提供实时预览，双击项目面板中的素材即可在源窗口中进行播放预览。

节目监视窗口

节目窗口主要用于监视时间线上剪辑的画面，可以实时播放。

项目面板

项目面板主要是用于项目及素材的管理，我们导入到软件中的素材及新建的序列、字幕等素材全部都存放在项目面板中。

时间线窗口

时间线窗口可以简单理解为剪辑工作台，我们对素材的剪辑工作全部都是在时间线面板中操作完成。时间线窗口又可分为视频轨道和音频轨道。

工具栏

工具栏集合了所有视频剪辑工具，当然有一些是辅助剪辑工具。

选择工具（快捷键：V）

顾名思义，它的作用就是用来选择东西的，不过在有的时候它也会变为其它的形状，作用也随之改变。

向前选择轨道工具（快捷键：A）

使用此工具可以选择该轨道上以后的所有素材，视音频链接在一起的则音频同时也被选中；按住Shift键可以变为多轨道选择工具，此时单头变为双头，即使是单独的声音（比如音效、音乐等）也会被同时选中。

波纹编辑工具（快捷键：B）

使用此工具可以改变一段素材的入点和出点，这段素材后面的会自动吸附上去，总长度发生改变。

剃刀工具（快捷键：C）

pr中导入素材之后，利用剃刀工具切割开视频，视频就分开为多段了，可以分别剪辑切割后的每一段视频，包括删除、添加效果等。

外滑工具（快捷键：U）

作用于一段素材，用来同时改变此段素材的入点和出点。

钢笔工具（快捷键：P）

这个工具和字幕中的钢笔工具是一样，主要用来绘制形状。选中此工具，在需要的位置点击一下确定起点，直接点其它位置可以绘制直线，而在点第二个点的同时按住鼠标不放并进行拖拽可以绘制曲线；它还有一个作用就是进行关键帧的选择。

手形工具（快捷键：H）

点击鼠标左键，在时间轴上拖动，移动时间轴上显示素材的位置。当程序监视器放大时。拖放程序监视器中的可移动显示区域以观察细节。

文字工具（快捷键：T）

文字工具即在画面中输入我们想要的文字。

效果面板

效果面板集合了很多视频和音频效果控件，对视频或者音频添加模糊及转场等效果时，需要在效果面板中找到对应的效果控件然后添加到时间线上的剪辑。

效果控件面板

效果控件面板是对已经添加到素材上的效果进行参数调节的窗口。

音轨混合器窗口

对音频进行声道和音量调节的窗口，当然也可以通过这个窗口进行现场录音。

PR剪辑教程

创建项目

首先新建项目，暂存盘里的地址栏跟项目一样就可以。

新建序列

新建序列，选择1080p25，点击确定，就建立了一个时间线。

一般的剪辑软件里边都有现成的预设，只要知道这个尺寸就行，高清格式选择1080P或者720P都行。

导入素材

在项目列表双击，找到我们的素材，按住shift一块儿导入，导入之后可以对素材进行分类，让我们可以看的更仔细一些。（养成一个好的分类习惯，有助于提高我们工程的有趣性和效率，以后打包工程的整理都非常的有好处）。

拖入时间线

素材分类好之后，把视频音频素材按住shift一起都拖拽到时间线里。

设置比例

发现视频素材的大小不一，我们调整视频整体比例大小。找到信息，看见比例为640*360，在我们新建的时候不是这个比例，我们在序列里进行更改设置为640*360，这样时间线就跟我们相匹配了。

编辑视频

导入素材之后，我们开始对视频进行剪辑。

添加效果

添加效果，让视频看起来更流畅。

添加字幕

添加结尾字幕。

导出

剪辑完成，导出成品。

PR导出格式一般用MOV、mp4、AVI等等。PR输出视频的时候，要求不一样，输出的格式的就不一样。因为没有统一的标准，要根据需求和目的才能定什么是合适的。

1、如果想输出文件后继续进行编辑，一般推荐输出MOV。

2、如果输出文件后直接就要观看，或传到视频网站。推荐输出H.264，即mp4。

3、如果输出文件给电视台标清播出，就输出AVI格式。

成品

下面这张是成品

这里用的是PR2018版本

PR基础快捷键

1、按i可以设置入点，O可以设置出点。

2、Shift+delete键可以删除视频同时，把视频之间的间隙去掉；Ctrl+Z撤销。

3、向前选择轨道工具（A）和链接选择项的结合使用可以删除选择点后面的视频和音频

4、向前选择轨道工具（A）和取消链接选择项的结合使用按shift键可单独删除视频，保留音频。

5、按Q键可删除剪辑的开始，按W键可删除剪辑的结尾，但是它们会从每个音轨中删除内容，如果有多层音轨，这个快捷键就不适用，可以通过锁定音频轨道来避免音频被删除。

6、按光标键→，按一下前进一帧，按Shift键+光标键，一下会前进5帧。

7、alt+拖动素材=复制

常用的快捷键如下：

注：如果自己不适应默认的快捷键可以在PR界面快捷键设置修改，步骤如下：

打开快捷键界面有两种方法：第一种方法，打开PR后，在菜单栏找到编辑选项下的快捷键菜单，单击后就会弹出设置界面。第二种方法，打开PR后，我们直接使用快捷键Ctrl+Alt+K后，也会弹出设置界面。

打开快捷键界面后在搜索框里我们直接输入想要添加的快捷键功能，然后在空白处单击鼠标，就会产生一个框，按下要设置的快捷键，最后点击确定保存设置，这样就快捷键就设置好了。

PR视频特效

添加滤镜

首先就是滤镜的位置是在左下角的【效果】选项里面，如下图箭头指向所示：

里面的滤镜很多，可以选择自己喜欢的滤镜进行使用，如下图箭头指向所示：

然后，我们直接将滤镜拖拽到素材身上就可以进行使用了，如下图箭头指向所示：

调整滤镜的内部可调节参数，素材的效果就能实时预览。点击前面的【FX】可以进行滤镜效果的开启以及关闭，如下图箭头指向所示：

效果里面，除了视频滤镜，还有音频滤镜以及各种转场可用，如下图箭头指向所示：

添加字幕

在工具栏，点击文字工具；

使用文字工具点击视频，在文字框中输入字幕，就添加字幕成功了。

视频的删减

导入完素材之后我们将素材拖到右边，便能对视频素材进行编辑了（点击播放按钮可预览）。接下来我们讲一下视频内容的删减。

比如说：我们觉得某一段内容不好，想把它删掉，那么该怎么办呢？在PR中我们有两种方法：

1、选择左侧工具栏的刻刀工具，在想要删去内容的两头进行点击，然后即可将商品分割成三段，可从中选择自己不想要的内容；

2、直接从末尾拖动即可（只能对开头或末尾内容进行删减）。

视频的倍速播放

视频的倍速播放在PR中很容易就能实现了：右键-速度/持续时间。选择速度（百分比，如200%就是两倍速） ，点击【倒放速度】就能倒放了。

音乐淡出效果

添加音乐的方法和添加视频的方法一样，导入以后拖动到右边就可以了。删减运用上述方法也是可以完成的。

音乐淡出的效果：

添加完音频后，拉开轨道，点击左下的小按钮，选择：轨道关键帧-音量；

选择：添加-移除关键帧按钮，在想要淡入、淡出的地方添加关键帧，即可对音量进行修改，完成淡入、淡出的效果；

如果你是第一次使用PR并且佩戴耳机的话，要到PR的【编辑】-【首选项】-【音频硬件】里的【默认输出】修改输出设备为：耳机。

音效增益

打开PR软件，将音频导入进去，拖到右下方的【时间轴】操作区；

右击鼠标，点击音轨，在出现的选项中点击【音频增益】；

在【音频增益】页面，选择【将增益设置为】；

输入合适的音频值，负数表示减少，完成后点击【确定】。

视频转场

首先打开电脑上的PR，打开项目文件后，选择右侧的【效果】面板，效果面板中有音频效果、音频过渡，视频效果、视频过渡；

鼠标点开【视频过渡】，其中有7类转场特效，我们这里点击进入【溶解】，选择【溶解】下的【交叉溶解】；

选择【交叉溶解】拖动到视频上，可以看到我们可以将转场放置到视频末尾，视频开头或两段视频中间，这里选择【视频中间】；

插入完成后我们双击此转场，进入【设置过渡持续时间】，拖动蓝色字体即可增加或减少时间。

成品：

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"Adobe Premiere是Adobe家族的一款剪辑软件，它给我的感觉就是入门快、功能强大，无论是对于新手还是专业人士，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"PR","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在大部分情况下都是很友好的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnUr3YSjnT8yfxx1JfEA7Zb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"认识PR","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR9osBfOEgCeh8vdA4Ct8Fh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Pr全称Adobe Premiere，是Adobe公司开发的一款视频剪辑\u0026编辑软件。主要用于视频采集、视频剪辑、调色、添加字幕、编辑音频、渲染输出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfu2kKYWNcR9F9gXR89OfKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Premiere提供了采集、剪辑、调色、美化音频、字幕添加、输出、DVD刻录的一整套流程，并和其他Adobe软件高效集成，使用户足以完成在编辑、制作、工作流上遇到的所有挑战，满足用户创建高质量作品的要求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGdxJRqeFSHIHkd0wQ1OdRh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"下载","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"PR","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"软件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCA761mSEd5B7vAyPMd0VGf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"Adobe官网下载","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzSSrQuvfKbJ7l1wKI5bu3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"进入","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"Adobe官网","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"进行下载","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.adobe.com/cn/products/premiere.html"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.adobe.com/cn/products/premiere.html","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwti8cvwC1haSG5SXQBwwRh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":633,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"Adobe官网下载","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9d270852cfd3458b936ab90537b1e349","width":1322},"text":"","id":"doxcnQe0om8qMyUuEwVGHMH7Iyg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"其他网页下载","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ21XJ1g4bvctZoIXy7ejee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、打开浏览器","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"今日头条","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"搜索","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"3D溜溜网","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，进入官网","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXaYcJyllKSUOisUga7XDwg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"其他网页下载","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d8be2af01bec4bb69f3acbc8ce99408a","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnzI3dVQG57bgdfaQUMA04jQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"打开浏览器百度搜索3D溜溜网，进入官网，点击上面【","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"···","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"】三个点之后选择【软件插件】里的【羽兔网软件下载】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIVPCifz0IRzsBqiEjOfiIf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"其他网页下载","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/85faafd7f05746b0a6d9cce1d7834247","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnqZpvG9QFK35bzCrca5Dv2I"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、选择【常用软件】里的【视频制作】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzRohoZnbSkxA1A8Zk8b27e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"其他网页下载","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3373a35746ef45e1b0b226a760f4c9be","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcn2OVEbs5EMbBygZUOujtPLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"向下滑，在下面找到","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"PR","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"2018版本的进行【软件下载】，里面还有其他版本，这里选择的是适配win7的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCtQ1MsKtZgOu5E1P57TWNb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":542,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"其他网页下载","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6983044869594773849c3ce504786e5e","width":884},"text":"","id":"doxcn4us8I4k0Sm8SgPZJfjoJKc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"PR窗口介绍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn96P6ooUhkBHVMi4KpcrGbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Premiere软件由菜单栏、常用工具栏、时间轴、侧边面板栏（组件窗口）组成。主工作区有素材（项目）管理窗口、素材预览窗口、视频监视器窗口、时间轴窗口、调音台窗口、调色窗口等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCxCHkBbfrsDYRvzLAYfj3f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1017,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"PR窗口介绍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/49745c347e82408589764ba9940e85d8","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcnPfVPkaL8cXxoC9iyybhMvg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjGGp8htd1KmYO4wrdQHtHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏可以说是整个软件的功能导图，为软件中大多数功能提供了菜单入口，例如","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"PR","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"软件","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"中的绝大多数功能在对应的菜单栏中都可以找到。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngvQ04rFV59VIcbpf84JoDg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/62dc8dd4d8684ae5b33be7f1e4dea03c","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcn9E6osoDW58yS9TGvBUA2de"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"功能窗口切换区域:(组件、编辑、颜色、效果、音频、字幕、库......)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFy98LpdkaloJb0N5Zu5dRe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"功能窗口切换区域是软件为剪辑、调色、音频、字幕等不同功能定义的界面布局方案。点击对应的功能，软件会自动切换到使用该功能时的界面布局。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5w4jrhGzO9gT01GJHYuf4A"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"功能窗口切换区域:(组件、编辑、颜色、效果、音频、字幕、库......)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8706e837975b414d9920a90c96d1646d","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnJ6mEm9RKbr3equYoIc04He"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"源素材预览窗口","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO89UMHO3dwPheOMiS4VZ1c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"源窗口主要是为项目面板中素材(视频、音频、图片)提供实时预览，双击项目面板中的素材即可在源窗口中进行播放预览。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOhgjL2tJgFmTwxhUJSdmfg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":786,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"源素材预览窗口","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/364f0b1a0f4d4555a3bff77400f31494","width":1597},"text":"","id":"doxcneeeeeMaWaeo8wlkBBf96Nb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"节目监视窗口","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngMAyEuYQ66iKU9mYWytjEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"节目窗口主要用于监视时间线上剪辑的画面，可以实时播放。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9ceBAXnt86aWD826KpvfDg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":784,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"源素材预览窗口","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fa30641738e74bdc8492dbe3fc1dc801","width":1600},"text":"","id":"doxcn6WYQCO2gMYc8DznazFhMiR"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"项目面板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngxUAPJkZkUzHVVEHQjW2Lh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"项目面板主要是用于项目及素材的管理，我们导入到软件中的素材及新建的序列、字幕等素材全部都存放在项目面板中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnASeSr9hL6bK3QktvtDCSMb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"项目面板","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ef48d5cbe55843018f940dc4bf14381c","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnR6iRLwn0tmmG4URSVSVeLh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"时间线窗口","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUtKP5LGP3KfVP6LBwW9WP9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"时间线窗口可以简单理解为剪辑工作台，我们对素材的剪辑工作全部都是在时间线面板中操作完成。时间线窗口又可分为视频轨道和音频轨道。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpdbxGr0rTK904Q9ULz27Cg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":380,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"时间线窗口","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cca84ea27aa848118ec797323b0065a3","width":1256},"text":"","id":"doxcnyq2gNAr2xMIqhwhENWhxVe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCfhsU1WYo6FqwJ5Q31VWSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具栏","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"集合了所有视频剪辑工具，当然有一些是辅助剪辑工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniQlwYEMO1YDYk9Qh8d8AQd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":532,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/895dc44dad614719b721676de350e90b","width":809},"text":"","id":"doxcny4kMYakq00aou0bQ8yt4vf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择工具（快捷键：V）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnICeCGuuEemYI4Ih4K7G5We"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"顾名思义，它的作用就是用来选择东西的，不过在有的时候它也会变为其它的形状，作用也随之改变。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGUgmawWwwMEkYByjBJaJac"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"向前选择轨道工具（快捷键：A）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAm4uO2aUiYwEySS0caMSEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用此工具可以选择该轨道上以后的所有素材，视音频链接在一起的则音频同时也被选中；按住Shift键可以变为多轨道选择工具，此时单头变为双头，即使是单独的声音（比如音效、音乐等）也会被同时选中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncYeqIokoi6aW2lE5RngmAh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"波纹编辑工具（快捷键：B）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIqiKA0k8KauE9TFPpQzCkp"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用此工具可以改变一段素材的入点和出点，这段素材后面的会自动吸附上去，总长度发生改变。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUyEi0McacUKSeSDseyEtGf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"剃刀工具（快捷键：C）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGC6Oo6ocI0qA0Y7g4jhMUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"pr中导入素材之后，利用剃刀工具切割开视频，视频就分开为多段了，可以分别剪辑切割后的每一段视频，包括删除、添加效果等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneYsIMkoCq2e0YD18rVIRuc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"外滑工具（快捷键：U）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqusYGYsqyaG8Ibe6MTuTqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"作用于一段素材，用来同时改变此段素材的入点和出点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUsuKoWOoKikW4OewvCCyxd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔工具（快捷键：P）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0AOYYIYSE68S4XK6NVuLf0"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个工具和字幕中的钢笔工具是一样，主要用来绘制形状。选中此工具，在需要的位置点击一下确定起点，直接点其它位置可以绘制直线，而在点第二个点的同时按住鼠标不放并进行拖拽可以绘制曲线；它还有一个作用就是进行关键帧的选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsySecm4kW22YMx0RHszAag"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"手形工具（快捷键：H）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyeSuyU0qIeiOYrI27gWfrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点击鼠标左键，在时间轴上拖动，移动时间轴上显示素材的位置。当程序监视器放大时。拖放程序监视器中的可移动显示区域以观察细节。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6oeCUS44KOoSWKUiX7PPch"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"文字工具（快捷键：T）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGK4oYqI6UgckAl7vGXrLGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"文字工具即在画面中输入我们想要的文字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoYck2WM6cqWgJ8k4KM3jhV"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"效果面板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndcHB5AXuSWSdXrrKYuM9Uc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"效果面板集合了很多视频和音频效果控件，对视频或者音频添加模糊及转场等效果时，需要在效果面板中找到对应的效果控件然后添加到时间线上的剪辑。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXoJPdkjz1fuITZzCC8RUVg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":536,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"效果面板","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/450c1d28da224d94aa4834bcb9941629","width":954},"text":"","id":"doxcnRhiSwR41fhlP9cK4AEqd5b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"效果控件面板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndBvaSPSPa11yuh8YcXCpCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"效果控件面板是对已经添加到素材上的效果进行参数调节的窗口。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5JKSFbhUJbguSSFyewO8pf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":530,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"效果控件面板","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e47be74d636041b987e4827dc9937da9","width":955},"text":"","id":"doxcnzrF0kx5BKtbQYhbr62k4v5"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音轨混合器窗口","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjlvgJGZFs0gcONXFGWJ9wh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对音频进行声道和音量调节的窗口，当然也可以通过这个窗口进行现场录音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwK12k1tpwhzSyjZeWqUjze"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":522,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音轨混合器窗口","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/70a2a4c9776f42e898ad351c86703828","width":949},"text":"","id":"doxcn9JH8bQtuRQdQa6ZX3PmFcb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"PR","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"剪辑教程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuqJi0dqQBGIbK8KWhYqFoK"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"创建项目","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKoAcwkqQAwkGIFFMwIy2we"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先新建项目，暂存盘里的地址栏跟项目一样就可以。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny2wh5HNVQfgSoiQpvBBwzb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":826,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"创建项目","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/60e17b9ff6634037aa59d093bc61b177","width":1886},"text":"","id":"doxcngxZppxiRO0GuAB1EPBf37f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"新建序列","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWws8eKuMwy6SKrviovcitb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"新建序列，选择1080p25，点击确定，就建立了一个时间线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc31LbnWEScbaFMcpQXJk0d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":830,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"新建序列","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/72d4c298f1e14f05940db634c70a70d8","width":1524},"text":"","id":"doxcnJPBEgWXM1Oo7LdNHkE3jeh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般的剪辑软件里边都有现成的预设，只要知道这个尺寸就行，高清格式选择1080P或者720P都行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGOugWuEmk6c0yGQ2fO7FMh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"导入素材","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniCmOuEuSIuEguAGewib6Rc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在项目列表双击，找到我们的素材，按住shift一块儿导入，导入之后可以对素材进行分类，让我们可以看的更仔细一些。（养成一个好的分类习惯，有助于提高我们工程的有趣性和效率，以后打包工程的整理都非常的有好处）","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk5yCypGym40Cxh0DELYSEd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":814,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"导入素材","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/282e43f7d1184d56833ea07497ff0a2c","width":1520},"text":"","id":"doxcno0yPM0zk4nDB0X9KRKcMpd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"拖入时间线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyUUgEwieskWaqyQ7nCc0Rc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素材分类好之后，把视频音频素材按住shift一起都拖拽到时间线里。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGoGmlGHRPGbZf3zwSxMzRh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":808,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"拖入时间线","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cfeb44b7f4b642d3a5cd821177fc729e","width":1528},"text":"","id":"doxcn9erLjtllccME2Idto2GELd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"设置比例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM4CKmOK4WgAOVNJdYgZFys"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发现视频素材的大小不一，我们调整视频整体比例大小。找到信息，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"看见比例为6","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"4","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"0*360，在我们新建的时候不是这个比例，我们在序列里进行更改设置为6","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"4","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"0*360","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，这样时间线就跟我们相匹配了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4KIYjg1xM36XQmgGHykR3c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":808,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"设置比例","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/16194733ec194743b4b6d619885d2a1d","width":1518},"text":"","id":"doxcnKUk2BYu4JstbqFdols79cb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"编辑视频","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCcsm4gI60wckb24kwmyWz4"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"导入素材之后，我们开始对视频进行剪辑。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncQyBiaEavZMZ0m2C005cmb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":826,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"编辑视频","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9cdeb430e5fc4cf799877e60d346f3e5","width":1530},"text":"","id":"doxcnJvZVar1xWCDLDzQAdiffEd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"添加效果","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoKMu424sGUSKWCsKZMnpWh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"添加效果，让视频看起来更流畅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqMRavgMsQJUgdnA3PcYJ5b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":806,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"添加效果","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cab6ea6e6f2342aa951ff1e60427bc07","width":1514},"text":"","id":"doxcnNpK3tlTugMD6cqpAL8ocrg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"添加字幕","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUWYyW6Sq4UUSwfRRDxV9Ef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"添加结尾字幕。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntoZlf63VbJrR7JHsvHqnYc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":812,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"添加字幕","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5539c2e88a7e4df8aeb3e07344fb5d4e","width":1534},"text":"","id":"doxcnwK7GZc13stRLPYlZjAOXPf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"导出","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaoGK6mE6qscUW0o4rxYm5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"剪辑完成，导出成品。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpvU2bBwgmLhAKSzXeWoA9c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":828,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"导出","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d6a4de757279418c80970a8dda31ef4c","width":1530},"text":"","id":"doxcnq9OeQTXIaqIG5FhluqlHUD"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"PR导出格式一般用MOV、mp4、AVI等等","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。PR输出视频的时候，要求不一样，输出的格式的就不一样。因为没有统一的标准，要根据需求和目的才能定什么是合适的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8WUWW4Q0eoOAoiU3zHiipb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、如果想输出文件后继续进行编辑，一般推荐输出MOV。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuacmSYEOuG0CQSl2C0Y0qb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、如果输出文件后直接就要观看，或传到视频网站。推荐输出H.264，即mp4。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncCOumAIkcS2Kon4eEwzPKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、如果输出文件给电视台标清播出，就输出AVI格式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2OiGGiWU0E2koz3Im8My3d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"成品","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnikOQyOW066WI4HoGSoszMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面这张是成品","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnrlcxwJTKBYs8oNNf0tjhf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":230,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"成品","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/51eb05c25026403382e69a69026e3f7b","width":410},"text":"","id":"doxcndu3hxY8vMgwzvXhrog4sLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里用的是","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"PR","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"2018版本","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnraknSYHmS9h9PBNzy1Ecrf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"PR","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"基础快捷键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAOymG2QW6kOgew4XvrOBYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、按i可以设置入点，O可以设置出点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWMuG4kioCUs6gQDBPutVMv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、Shift+delete键可以删除视频同时，把视频之间的间隙去掉；Ctrl+Z撤销。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOUUwCqSeA66oGI5CoBuWHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、向前选择轨道工具（A）和链接选择项的结合使用可以删除选择点后面的视频和音频","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8QaSq4gmMwOyKO5n6TxBbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、向前选择轨道工具（A）和取消链接选择项的结合使用按shift键可单独删除视频，保留音频。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneKyMYoQeeu84KU2iYrjLbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、按Q键可删除剪辑的开始，按W键可删除剪辑的结尾，但是它们会从每个音轨中删除内容，如果有多层音轨，这个快捷键就不适用，可以通过锁定音频轨道来避免音频被删除。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneoqqGoAqemIkEq2qzcuYqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、按光标键→，按一下前进一帧，按Shift键+光标键，一下会前进5帧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKs6yOQIeAG4Ww11XowX1Pb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、alt+拖动素材=复制","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAEsAIS8ssciik3RT8Xb00g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用的快捷键如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0g0AaYCeM4KSmgSKkPjCCg"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":601,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"PR","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"基础快捷键","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5ba572ebfa9742f592256ae6430ef6a5","width":901},"text":"","id":"doxcnM28y2m2AUYsSiyCX5SWQ8g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":601,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"PR","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"基础快捷键","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/00b9e0f81a8a40fcb7b32d0f2fb96a9a","width":901},"text":"","id":"doxcnU6mK8cOMWw24GCG9yLRbch"}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0IoogSg4KmAiSwAUjCoB6c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注：如果自己不适应默认的快捷键可以在","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"PR","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"界面快捷键设置修改，步骤如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0IoogSg4KmAiSwAUjCoB6c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开快捷键界面有两种方法：第一种方法，打开","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"PR","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"后，在菜单栏找到编辑选项下的快捷键菜单，单击后就会弹出设置界面。第二种方法，打开PR后，我们直接使用快捷键Ctrl+Alt+K后，也会弹出设置界面","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmE8gQEcESwcaOsVIb2KNyc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1013,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"PR","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"基础快捷键","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/76cfde61296b4aeb9cec5d4c5a94512f","width":1889},"text":"","id":"doxcn8WU68WuCgegUw95zwxC74c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开快捷键界面后在搜索框里我们直接输入想要添加的快捷键功能，然后在空白处单击鼠标，就会产生一个框，按下要设置的快捷键，最后点击确定保存设置，这样就快捷键就设置好了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2sI2ays2C82CyY9ZEtLplh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"PR视频特效","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKss2WSMgGAyqglCfF5Ay5Y"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"添加滤镜","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngGyEQsy0oWYCSHLOLZhKq6"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先就是滤镜的位置是在左下角的【效果】选项里面，如下图箭头指向所示：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk0Aygq2ouuiKKgup0xoU3e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":400,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"添加滤镜","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/615086bb23c6459caf16515f5c263fcf","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcnKA2WW2AuOOWEi6tc2KllJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"里面的滤镜很多，可以选择自己喜欢的滤镜进行使用，如下图箭头指向所示：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE4e8qyUAYsmeiQThJV1Yne"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":400,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"添加滤镜","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4a67e17a3109484c8331077a5fc8eb9f","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcnYkay6yQKQyKm4a8ayDNQAb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后，我们直接将滤镜拖拽到素材身上就可以进行使用了，如下图箭头指向所示：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWiI8yIkKA4wqUPtTRzyBOh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":400,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"添加滤镜","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/84e30c7290694bb4a2d738c6dd28e4ef","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcnSAssKawKoCMCszoddbGvZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"调整滤镜的内部可调节参数，素材的效果就能实时预览。点击前面的【FX】可以进行滤镜效果的开启以及关闭，如下图箭头指向所示：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGykOGkS0cgQKOolX4pyTdg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":400,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"添加滤镜","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/663f18b4597645dcbe5dc73d28eb2436","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcnkiawiQmaimmSa0CzvCBWBg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"效果里面，除了视频滤镜，还有音频滤镜以及各种转场可用，如下图箭头指向所示：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnegGIGWqaQAuYCs6fSYWpZc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":357,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"添加滤镜","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6871f0ad349c4c488a81605b7e22029e","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcnoOU4wi8cSm60SQEj9cj0Yd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"添加字幕","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0Gs8CWiIcu0wYDPMo3NlIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在工具栏，点击文字工具","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnukksIAEauYiAM7i4I4XBDd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"添加字幕","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/92b49d8de5c04e27a57e305ed46125b7","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnMqKWkuuiwoauaYd4U2ViYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用文字工具点击视频，在文字框中输入字幕，就添加字幕成功了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMESgYciUagAIymARggiZrh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"添加字幕","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/30f9fa99796a4bf5b64dc6f277e395fb","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnuaOmg4CUG2kuGOGZHozSXc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频的删减","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4EQiAEQEWOYIUfxocM8LOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"导入完素材之后我们将素材拖到右边，便能对视频素材进行编辑了（点击播放按钮可预览）。接下来我们讲一下视频内容的删减。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny2s2YyyGWEoS6RNHYG0uMb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1655,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"视频的删减","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9c9fa286704343b28067005ad5aa0d6f","width":2736},"text":"","id":"doxcnSC0SKeyYwaiCcHCUDURHQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如说：我们觉得某一段内容不好，想把它删掉，那么该怎么办呢？在P","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"R","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"中我们有两种方法：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnawoQacWYm6qAW2pWlOkLof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、选择左侧工具栏的刻刀工具，在想要删去内容的两头进行点击，然后即可将商品分割成三段，可从中选择自己不想要的内容","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKi8MUmqyIuioAnYUH03S3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、直接从末尾拖动即可（只能对开头或末尾内容进行删减）","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkgSOmkUgo6KUMpgJhMn03Z"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":639,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"视频的删减","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/da7ab8ef25b14529a88aab9efa1747ff","width":1778},"text":"","id":"doxcnuwWikwUcIgO22JY3aoS7dg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1505,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"视频的删减","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2d4cfe4b74e3432697e79fefc316f4ef","width":2711},"text":"","id":"doxcnWqOCaCiio0iYszMjpLQ01f"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMYm4OcEoUEGK6DcpCe9Sfe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频的倍速播放","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMYm4OcEoUEGK6DcpCe9Sfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频的倍速播放在P","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"R","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"中很容易就能实现了：右键-速度/持续时间。选择速度（百分比，如200%就是两倍速） ，点击","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"【","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"倒放速度】就能倒放了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2weOsSGGuy6CknqwtBPqjc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1524,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"视频的倍速播放","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/48606e5677584670b5a9407862ee8b73","width":2712},"text":"","id":"doxcnuMO0Kqu6ieWgkp1OyVyZOe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音乐淡出效果","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnquEaO6s8KUYK4s1P17lp5e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"添加音乐的方法和添加视频的方法一样，导入以后拖动到右边就可以了。删减运用上述方法也是可以完成的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqCsII4ek2WCUKuZYa4J2yc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音乐淡出的效果：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCSiM8eeOkqMYYJJgdc3zpe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"添加完音频后，拉开轨道，点击左下的小按钮，选择：轨道关键帧-音量","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngkSgga8WCYAMsfvboStI1r"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1651,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音乐淡出效果","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ef855225c95945fb8611422ba2888801","width":2736},"text":"","id":"doxcnqC82ga0ESE4geehPPuocqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择：添加-移除关键帧按钮，在想要淡入、淡出的地方添加关键帧，即可对音量进行修改，完成淡入、淡出的效果","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnciWIMWggKMO4qmo0LWnz4e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":560,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音乐淡出效果","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9d4b72504b4b405281e0782f973337a5","width":2537},"text":"","id":"doxcnCOGUaqgwcWQ6spzhqzcHXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果你是第一次使用P","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"R","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"并且佩戴耳机的话，要到P","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"R","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"【","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"编辑】-【首选项】-【音频硬件】里的【默认输出】修改输出设备为：耳机。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmwk28QWC6gkykdjJcdeAKg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1161,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音乐淡出效果","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5099d6563766454ea287c12b41eb0705","width":1521},"text":"","id":"doxcniye8EkyoG8EgUPidM1yTZM"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音效增益","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqmosymc0OW0Yo5ZI26sCaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开PR软件，将音频导入进去，拖到右下方的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"【时间轴】","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"操作区","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna802UygmWaEeEzpb4xHCSc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音效增益","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0a4cbe0d440e42afa5566c892d954f54","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnCgwKW6QCakeQ23k8cMiTmh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"右击鼠标，点击音轨，在出现的选项中点击","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"【音频增益】；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2c0qiCKOeiI8oZ8bDy3EQg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音效增益","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5124f54cae5e4ebd99099e64c32a3101","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcn2AMYac6qCIsYA52uYmmjDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"【音频增益】","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"页面，选择","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"【将增益设置为】；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOQIkQ8O86Qg4cxWF0amyZb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音效增益","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b864d26134b54a90861574547984795e","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnAOcIYsoeAWuWWSM57mLc1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"输入合适的音频值，负数表示减少，完成后点击","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"【确定】","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCUAcWciGi2UeO8XAiLVBtc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音效增益","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e88ddb02e713448e81ff265d4f30838f","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcn4UUYsyGwWiYA2CKYvb4gmb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频转场","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG4sysssKueIQuQFvufWYgc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先打开电脑上的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"PR","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，打开项目文件后，选择右侧的【效果】面板，效果面板中有","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"音频效果、音频过渡，视频效果、视频过渡；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmqwKcuQAwwW02ZoMGeRJfd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"视频转场","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/62da70f7f90940c8b611e9a8892b2cbc","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcn4qiuQIqqUSCkeoVcRVlIoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"鼠标点开【视频过渡】，其中有7类转场特效，我们这里点击进入","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"【溶解】，选择【溶解】下的【交叉溶解】","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwM8K6A2siQKaugsk6Vb7Lc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"视频转场","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e194612737c74984aafb20c40c87d59c","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcn48oGWGW2ai6ACIwKKf4lOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择【交叉溶解】拖动到视频上，可以看到我们可以将转场放置到视频末尾，视频开头或两段视频中间，这里选择【视频中间】；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno6ec4cC6owsAVXKytUtaBW"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"视频转场","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ed3415b840774ab2bdbb253cd7fc6f68","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnCaoocAM8q4uoEt2HiFTZId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"插入完成后我们双击此转场，进入【设置过渡持续时间】，拖动蓝色字体即可增加或减少时间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSsi4oUGWcoOCYDAouBTKkc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"视频转场","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/09220951e79a41dc92d82e7d4e82c1de","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcn6mg2WQOg0uy2K0PegxzHwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"成品：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI8oosUKcm8iSWyYQYc4JIe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":598,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"视频转场","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/889c3c03fba94f388d263fcff4e7b44f","width":898},"text":"","id":"doxcnMQa8QmoWa6IOQbFSZaTPtc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAMa8S486maiWEH5jMoxgne"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

6. td101电动机保护装置说明书

行书，是一种书法统称，分为行楷和行草两种。在楷书的基础上发展，是介于楷书、草书之间的一种字体，是为了弥补楷书的书写速度太慢和草书的难于辨认而产生的。"行"是"行走"的意思，因此它不像草书那样潦草，也不像楷书那样端正。

行书特点

行书作为一种有别于其他字体的独立字体，自然在笔画形态、用笔方法、部首写法以及结构上都有其自身的一些特点。

行笔增速

行书的行笔增速是相对楷书而言的。行书在增速上，不仅表现在笔画与笔画出现牵丝映带、以圆转代替方折，还表现在笔顺的改变和以简代繁甚至借用草书的一些写法上等等。但是在书写时不能为了快而快，造成笔笔相连如蜘蛛网一样。

笔画线条多变

楷如立，行如走，行书的走体现在笔画的流动性而形成的动感上。起笔多以露锋起笔，笔画之间增加呼应等，下面仅从四个方便加以说明：

附笔连接

所谓附笔，就是一个字的原来笔画顺势而出现的附加笔画（比较细、比较虚）。如点、横画与下面的笔画衔接时，出现附钩；与上面的笔画衔接时出现附挑；长撇收笔处往往出现明显的起钩，看上去与“钩”没有什么不同，实际上是撇画的附钩。如图：

这些附钩、附挑与上笔、下笔连接的呼应关系极为明显，使笔画脉络相通，活泼流畅、动感十足。但要注意，这些附钩、附挑的出现，是行笔过程中起笔和收笔留下的自然痕迹，不可有意去描摹追求。否则会失去天然美。

以圆代方

行书的转折笔画，方笔明显减少，而以圆代替方折，这是由于行笔增快的原因。转折处省略了提按的顿笔，圆转而过，使笔画圆润自然。如图：

变直为弧

楷书要求横平竖直，而行书的横竖由于行笔增快，为了增强笔画之间的呼应关系，长横和长竖的写法有的稍带弧形。如图：

但不是所有的横、竖都作弧形，如中竖就要挺直，即便是稍带有弧形的笔画，也要有一定的力度，柔中见刚。

以简代繁

楷书的笔画各自独立，其笔画数目严格遵循汉字规范，一个字由几个笔画就写几个笔画。写行书时，为了书写简便，往往将相邻的笔画连写，合并线条，或对楷书的某些部位做了简化，减少起、收笔的次数。

楷书的钩画，在书写行书时，多省略了起钩。如图：

行书的基本笔画点画，可以代替横、竖、撇、捺笔画。如图：

行书的部首在楷书的基础上出现连笔，减少了笔画数，使书写更加方便。如图：

笔顺变化

行书的笔顺大部分遵循楷书笔顺规则，但为了连写便捷，一篇字中有时会出现一些人们习惯使用的行草书字形，有些字就改变了常规的笔画顺序。如图（楷书6笔，行书3笔）：

体势变化

由于行书的笔画较之楷书发生了一些变化，其结果也随着带来了变化。大体有以下几种情况：

1、一个字有多种写法

如“是”字下半部分，“花”字的字头，写得有放有缩，同中有异，多样而统一，颇有趣味。如图：

2.打破楷书端庄方正的束缚，略带攲斜，自成新的体势

如横画可以较大幅度上斜，笔画的走向也可以略偏离原来楷书的轨道。这就在不同程度上改变了楷书的体势，使整篇字中的个体和群体都变得自由活泼了，避免了楷书的呆板。如图：

行书运笔技巧

笔画运行

硬笔行书的基本笔画，在书写时都有起笔、行笔、收笔三个过程。

所谓起笔，就是开始书写笔画笔尖触纸时的下笔；行笔，就是书写笔画的中间运笔；收笔，就是笔画书写结束时的用笔。如写横画，左为起笔，中为行笔，右为收笔，等等。起笔有轻有重，行笔有快有慢，收笔有回有露。例如：

提笔、按笔

硬笔行书的用笔也讲究提按，以增强笔画的粗细变化和轻重的节奏。所谓提笔，就是笔从纸面提起，笔尖触纸力度小，笔画要细；所谓按笔，就是笔尖在纸上往下按，笔尖触纸力度大，笔画要粗一些。如图：

翻笔、折笔

翻笔，一般是向上取逆势，上一笔接下一笔出现的钩挑。如“古”字的横，“人”、“有”的撇都是用翻笔写成的。折笔，一般是向下、向右取顺势，如“口”字的横折、“山”字的竖折，都是用这笔写成的。不论翻笔、折笔，都要求用笔慢而有力。如图：

侧笔

侧笔主要取字的姿态，笔画的下笔处比较方折，显得刚劲有力。如“五、方”等字的长横，“永、广”等字的侧点，“志”字的中竖，“个”字的斜撇等，都是侧笔写成的。如图：

涩笔

涩笔，书写时故意放慢行笔速度，认为制造行笔阻力。目的在于强调线条的质感，多用于竖钩、竖弯钩等笔画。如图：

游笔

游笔似行云流水，用笔流畅、便捷，多用于钩画字的轮廓，以增加线条的流动。如图：

掠笔

掠笔也叫牵丝，书写时将笔轻提，一带而过。掠笔的作用是牵引笔画，加强上一笔画与下一笔画之间的联系。但要注意，掠笔使用要自然，不能笔笔都用牵丝或人为地去描摹。如图：

叠笔

叠笔，就是在原来的行笔路线上重返进行。这种方法，可以使局部笔画变得丰润。需要注意的是重叠的距离不能过长。如图：

行书笔画

基本笔画

笔画是构成字的基本要素，练习基本笔画是书写汉字的基本功训练。行书笔画是在楷书笔画的基础上增加速度和流动感，有时可直接使用楷法，有时增加牵丝，钩挑或弧形笔画。

点

1、带勾点是由点带出勾挑，如“不”字，目的是牵引下一字。写法是先顺势写长点，用笔要由轻而重、由左而右，勾时再用力顿一下，然后迅速向左下勾出。带勾点要有一定的弯势，不能生硬僵直；线条要遭劲流利，不能软弱迟疑。

2、带下点是指上下两点一笔带下，如“淤”（于）字。写法是落笔写上点，用力顿一下，再提笔写下点，最后再用力顿一下，迅速勾出。上点略侧，下点稍平，上下点之间，用一细细的牵丝相连。使上下连贯、粗细分明，有形态、有动势。

3、带右点是由左点带出右点，如“以”字。写法是用笔轻落重按先写左点，然后提笔写右点，略顿一下用力向右上趯出，趯勾要短小。写带右点时左点要大右点要小，如两点差不多大，就缺少变化。

4、合二点是指左右两点相呼相应，如“六”字。写法是轻落重按写左点，然后用力向右上勾出，再顺着勾势写右点，最后用力向左下撇出。合二点虽然中间没有牵丝相连，但要一气呵成，左点与右点之间应左高右低，遥相呼应。

横

1、下勾横是指横画下面带勾，如“然”字。“然”字下面本来是四点，现改写为一横画，是采用了草书写法。写法是落笔略顿，再向右写横，至末端用力折笔向左下勾出。

2、上挑横是指横画上面带挑，如“古”字。写法是在写好一横后，再用力一顿翻笔上挑而出．上挑横与下勾横不同处是末端收笔的方向不一样，前者上挑，后者下勾；上挑是为了顺势写上画，下勾是为了开启下笔。

竖

1、悬针竖是指竖画下面尖尖的如针倒悬，如“半”字。写法是落笔略顿，接着由上而下、由重而轻写竖画。悬针竖要如针垂直端悬，不能东斜西倒。

2、垂露竖是指竖画下面不失如露水倒垂，如“申”字。写法是落笔略顿，接着由上而下写竖画，至末端再略顿一下，回锋收笔。垂露竖的两端用笔重而中间用笔轻，两端书写速度慢而中间书写速度快，竖中带挺呈曲势，如人挺立，显得精神饱满。

3、曲勾竖是指竖画下端带曲勾，如“抑”字。写法是写好一竖后，末端收笔时顺势向左下迅速勾出。曲勾竖的竖中略带曲势，并非一味地端直。

4、仰勾竖是指竖画下端带仰勾，如“隆”字。写法是落笔写竖画，至末端再用力向右上勾出。。仰勾竖与曲勾竖的差别是前者仰勾向上、由左而右，后者曲勾向下、由右而左；前者是承上笔，后者是启下画。

撇

1、回锋撇是指撇画下端回锋向上，如“化”字。写法是落笔稍重，随着向左下写撇，至撇尾再回锋向上收笔。因为撇尾回锋收笔，并非出锋收笔。所以撇尾不失而圆。

2、挑脚撇是指撇画下端挑脚向上，如“今”字。写法与回锋撇同，只是收笔时挑脚而出呈勾状。一般说，回锋撇往往是撇后写竖，笔势角度小，挑脚撇往往是撇后写捺，笔势角度大。

3、斜撇斜撇是楷书写法，撇端尖尖的，如“余”字。写法是落笔稍重，然后逐渐提笔向左下撇出，撇时要轻灵不要迟疑，而且力要送到撇尖。

4、平撇平撇在字头，短小而平，如“重”字。写法是落笔重，略顿，随后提笔迅速撇出。平撇的形态有点象鸟啄，短小尖锐。

捺

1、斜捺是指捺画斜而长，如“秦”字。斜捺在汉字中往往与斜撇相配，如同人的左右手。写法是顺着撇势轻落笔，略横行，接着转笔向右下方写。捺时要稍用力，随即向右平捺出。斜捺的形态是一波三折，故又称“波画”。

2、回锋捺是指斜捺的捺脚收笔处不是出锋而是回锋，如“天”字。写法与斜捺同，只是最后回锋收笔，露出下尖勾，目的是为了书写下一字。

3、反捺是从斜捺、回锋捺变化而来，如“木”字。写法是轻落笔，触纸后徐徐用力向右下行笔，然后用力向左下勾出。

4、圆曲捺是指游水捺的三弯处圆曲如环。写法是先落笔写一点，接着顺势写一竖，再提笔向右拐弯，然后回锋或藏锋收笔。写回曲捺要注意两点，一是拐弯要圆曲不能生硬，二是捺尾要圆浑不能尖利。

5、平捺在字的下面起托的作用，因比字头或字中的斜捺角度较小波画较平而名之，如“之”字。写法是回锋落笔，略横，随着向右下用笔，然后用力平平捺出。平捺与斜捺一样，形态是一波三折，有一种流动的势态。

6、挑勾捺是指平捺的捺脚上挑，如“超”字。写法是写好平捺后，捺脚不平出，而是顺势上挑成勾状，目的是为了便于写“走”字里面的部分。挑勾捺其实是在平捺快写后顺着笔势自然形成的一种写法，不可勉强为之。

挑

1、短挑是挑画的一种，线条短小，如“地”字。短挑在行书中是承着其他点画书写而出，短小精锐，恰似一把短剑。写法是落笔后略顿，随即逐渐提笔用力挑出。

2、撇折挑是指撇和挑连写，如“福”字。写法是先写一撇，然后折笔用力向右上迅速挑出，撇折挑要注意折处，书写时点画务必交待清楚，不能含含糊糊，拖泥带水。

勾

1、蟹爪勾是指竖勾屈曲似蟹爪，如“寺”字。写法是先写竖画，然后转笔向左行笔，再翻笔向上勾出。蟹爪勾是竖勾的变化写法，形态优美、线条雄健、气势酣畅。

2、戈勾即戈字勾，如“戊”字。写法是侧锋落笔，然后纵笔而下，勾时用力翻笔向上勾出。戈画平中带弧有韧劲，刚中含柔见纵势。

3、背抛勾是指从背面反抛勾出，如“夙”字。写法是顺势写上横画，拐弯时折笔而下，然后宛转提笔写下弯画，再翻笔向左上勾出。背抛勾转弯抹角处不能生硬有棱角，勾尖要向内，对着字心首画。

4、浮鹅勾因形同白鹅浮绿水而名，如“毛”字。写法是落笔稍重，接着用笔向下写直画，随即提笔拐弯写横，最后翻笔向上勾出。浮鹅勾要鹅头高昂，鹅身平正，方正中呈圆势，态度雍容大方，气宇轩昂不几。

5、回锋勾如同回锋捺是斜捺的快写形式一样，回锋勾是浮鹅勾的快写形式，如“也”字。写法是顺势写竖横圆曲折，然后翻笔由上绕一小圈向下勾出。回锋勾与浮鹅勾的不同处除了勾的形式和方向不一样外，是回锋勾的竖横向内圆曲而浮鹅勾的竖横向外开拓。向内圆曲的比较宛转流利，向外开拓的比较雄健挺拔。

折

1、横勾折是指横画加折勾，如“罪”字。写法是落笔先写横画，折时稍用力向左下方勾出。横勾折不仅要横与勾的笔画分明，而且转折要自然有力。

2、竖勾折是指竖画加折勾，如“问”字。写法是先写竖画，要心胸挺起，折时不妨笔略提起，再顿下去，然后迅速向左上勾出。

3、曲折在行书中用得很多，凡是撇捺连续快写都成曲折，如“根”字。写法是落笔写撇画，接着向右折笔，再随即向下勾。曲折形似闪电，富于动态。

4、撇捺折是撇捺的连写，但书写较工整，如“衣”字。写法是落笔稍重，再逐渐提笔写撇，然后回锋向右下方写反捺，即成。撇捺折在撇捺的交接处要连写，要有折的风味。

5、三弯折是指三弯折曲折成三弯，如“乃”字。写法是先落笔写横，再折笔写弯，接着顺势向下弯出。三弯折要折而有韧劲，弯曲自然舒展。

6、内勾折是由横撇折的外勾变为内勾，如“序”字。写法是写好横画后，接着翻笔写撇，撇要成内包势，随即趁势向右上勾出。

7、鹅勾折是浮鹅勾的快速简便写法，如“光”字。写法是依势落笔写短斜竖，随即折笔向右上勾出。鹅勾折的折处要圆润遒丽，用笔要流畅明净。

行书偏旁

行书偏旁一定要根据与其所搭配的单体的长短、肥瘦,大小不同而有所变化，不能千篇一律。此外，部首一定要与其所搭配的单体互相呼应。呼应的方法，或者借助于楷书用意连，或者借助于草书用形连。形连时要注意既要靠牵丝，又要靠笔势，过多地使用牵丝，如果形连势不能连，整个字仍是盘散沙。

食字旁

侧锋落笔写撇，随即回锋写横勾折，接着顺势写竖仰勾。整个食字旁线条清楚匀称，是一笔写成。

衣字旁

首点向左下带出一点以呼应下一笔，撇点用撇提代替，改变示字旁的书写顺序。

弓字旁

先落笔写横折，再翻笔写横折勾。弓字旁的弓须一气呵成，不能用两笔或三笔写成。

虫字旁

落笔写短斜竖，再顺势写横竖折，接着回锋写下横，然后翻笔向上写竖折挑，为了便于书写，行书虫字旁的一点往往省掉。

马字旁

落笔写出折勾，再回笔写竖横折勾，最后顺势写下横。下横一般写成挑画，以便书写右面点画。

页字旁

页字旁主要是在右部。其第一横要稍长，抗肩，中间用小撇画，不要太长，撇画的起笔位置稍靠左，第二个撇画的弯度较大一些，但不要写的太长，最后撇画带出小钩，呼应最后一点。

舌字旁

首先平撇要短，角度稍平，竖写短，横可稍长，但口字要写小。所以偏旁整体要小。

田字旁

田字旁也是写小，且整体稍向右上斜。

行书章法

行书是介于楷书和草书之间的书体，是日常生活书写中最常用最流行的书体。尤以钢笔行书为最。行书笔画、结构有一定的伸缩性，形态又多变化，丰富奇彩、意到笔随，可塑性大，利于发挥艺术效果，实用价值更是超过其它书体。一副得意之作，通篇结构，引领管带，首尾呼应，一气呵成，各尽意志，气适流动，起伏随势，巧布虚陈，寄情寓意，无不淋漓尽致，酣畅爽快，令人赏心悦目。这些都说明章法在行书创作中显得尤为重要。

章法特点

行书由于笔画、结构变化较大，形体各异，加之书写风格不同，因而即使同一字也会出现多种形态，有肥瘦、长短、方圆、雄浑、挺拨、俊秀等差别。正是这些差别，使行书作品千姿百态，异彩纷呈，构成了不同的气韵的章法。因此，行书的谋篇布局较楷书要灵活得多，具有如下特点：

笔势多取纵势

由于行书笔画活泼流动，笔画之间有牵纵行带，前字的末笔与后字的首笔连带密切，如取纵势，更显得如行云流水，气韵贯通，给人以一气呵成之势。

疏密变化自如

行书除笔画、结构有疏密变化外，在整体布局中通过改变字形的大小、长短、字态的肥瘦、俯仰，能自由地调整疏密位置与布白，达到疏密得当，布白奇妙的效果。

参差错落有致

行书不仅仅笔画、结体各部分及字与字之间有参差变化外，而且行与行之间及通篇亦有错落变化，这样，整体布局显得活泼灵动，妙趣横生。

行气直抒胸臆

由于行书书写速度较快，行笔之时情法于中、笔情交融，最能直接表达书者的情感，增加作品的感染力。

谋篇技巧

以动为主

楷书的章法以静为主要特征，给人以平和稳定、一丝不苟、不激不厉和端正严肃的感觉；行书章法则以动为主要特征，给人以生动飘逸和富有生命活力的感觉。

前人出书法要“师造化”，凡在现实生活中能见到的动作姿态，都可借鉴到行、草书中去，以增强行书作品的动感，丰富其内涵和底蕴。多欣赏和临写古今行书大家作品，也是培养书写动感的有效途径。我们不能用楷书的结体和章法来写行书，这样会使作品显得沉快无生气。

虽然行书强调动感，但并不是随意为之、不要法度，它仍要遵循一定的规律，以严谨求灵变，避免过于放纵。

以不齐求齐

楷书要求字的上下左右间隔匀称，排列整齐，以工整规范为美。行书则要求字形有大小，间隔有疏密排列，有错落变化，以局部的不整齐求得整体的平衡、稳定和齐整，以变化为美。一幅好的行书作品，初看起来一行一行排列得很整齐，行与行之间的距离也相等，一气呵成，浑然一体，气韵生动，但细看起来，我们不难发现，字与字并不对齐，有的偏左，有的偏右，左右动荡不写，行与行之间的距离也不相等，有的紧，有的松，没有定则，即所谓的“行书无写法”，需要我们多实践、多体会。

具有节奏变化

一幅好的行书作品，就象一首抒情的歌曲，时而婉转平和，时而高亢豪迈，时而如行云流水，时而如电闪雷鸣，几经曲折，波澜起伏。这些都是书者书写时情感的自然渲泄，这种渲泻是有节奏的，体现了行书作品的节奏美。

前后呼应

行书作品最注重首字，应静心写好文稿第一字，以统领全篇。要使行书的章法显得严谨而又富于变化，一定要注意前后呼应关系，要意在笔先，事先考虑好前后字的衔接问题。

书写姿势

坐姿

正确的书写姿势不只是为了好看，还可以使书写技能得到充分、有效地发挥，有助于书写者的身心健康。书写姿势同时也反映出书写者的修养，只有身正才会字正。正确的姿势应是头正、身直、肩平、胸舒、臂开、足安。

1、头部端正：头要居中，稍向前下方俯视，眼睛与纸面一尺距离，不可俯得太低，也不可左偏、右斜。

2、身直肩平：臀部平坐于椅子中间大部，不能扭向一边，两肩平齐，上身不弯曲，使上身重心安稳。

3、臂开胸舒：两臂自然开张，两肘平放桌面，保持一线，腹背挺直，胸口与桌沿保持一拳距离，使呼吸顺畅。

4、腿开足安：两腿分开，与肩同宽，自然下垂，内侧保持平行，两脚平放地上，使全身平衡。正确的书写姿势，才能使字写得端正，重心平衡。同时，正确的姿势也会给人的身体带来益处。

握姿

执笔方法不正确，不但妨碍书写姿势，影响书写质量，还会给书写者身心健康带来危害，不可忽视。根据笔的自身特点，硬笔是三指执笔法，斜拿。

正确的执笔方法：

①用拇指、食指、中指三个指头捏住笔杆（三指处于同一平面）；

②指尖距笔尖约2.5cm~3cm（两指左右）；

③所有指关节都向外弯；

④笔杆位于食指的根部（如下图）。

同时，还要做到：

①指实：拇指、食指、中指来自三方的力量，处在与笔杆垂直的同一圆角上，将笔杆夹牢，松紧适度。

②掌虚：无名指和小指紧随中指下部依次靠拢，并向掌心弯曲、虛握。小指的整个底部形成一个环形底座，虚贴桌面。

③杆斜：笔杆向右后方倾斜，紧靠在食指第三关节与虎口方向，与桌面呈45°角。如果写较大的字，手指向前伸直，笔杆与纸面角度减小；书写较小的字手指向掌心收缩，笔杆与纸面角度大，宜于精離细琢。

工具

选笔

钢笔

钢笔的地位在硬笔练字中处于不可撼动的地位，较强表现力可以反映出毛笔的效果。适合练字的钢笔，日笔应该比欧笔更适合一些。推荐白金3776，百乐78G，写乐21K等。

关于练习钢笔的选择，我们可以遵从以下原则：

（1）不使用美工笔。美工笔不利于稳定练习；

（2）不使用写起来不适的钢笔。比如出现堵笔、洇墨、摩阻过大等问题；

（3）不使用过贵的钢笔。在成本练字的过程相对耗笔，尽量做到成本控制，贵的笔对练字本身没有太实质性的帮助。

中性笔

中性笔有稳定、表现力强、便宜、便捷、书写舒适等优点，是一种相对完美的笔。不止在此次行楷练习试验中，日常生活中，大多数人更愿意使用0.5中性笔。

推荐适合练字的中性笔

1、国产中性笔宝克PC-1168，这款笔无论从握持手感、出水流畅度、品控还是书写感受方面，都属于第一梯队的，一点也不比那些昂贵的进口中性笔差。

2、百乐P700和P500，其实就是0.7和0.5，笔感超级顺滑，而且出水不多不少，非常好写，这么出名是有原因的。可能看不出来，但0.5确实比0.7的更细。练字推荐用0.7，0.5的可以日常用。

中性笔的挑选可以遵从如下原则：

（1）书写流度，笔触顺骨，笔画饱满，墨色均匀；

（2）握笔舒适度，长时间书写不会有过于明显累手、压迫感；

（3）墨干燥速度，书写时不会被谱黑就行。

其他笔

除了钢笔和中性笔，其他笔类都可以进行练字。种类繁多，最为常见的有铅笔，圆珠笔等。不一定局限于某种笔。

纸张

练习纸种类繁多，常见的有回宫格、米字格、田字格、空白格、横线格、竖线格等等，练习纸的选择也需依据自己的基础，初学尽量选择辅助线多的回宫格、米字格等，随着阶段的变化，练习纸也应该有所改变以减少辅助，达到科学练习的目的。按时间顺序，不止使用了米字格纸、田字格纸、空白格纸、横线纸、竖线纸、白纸。

重点：从脱离米字格到白纸，练字整个过程都贯穿着田字格纸的巩固练习，不属于完全转换状态。

另外，有以下几个点可以注意：

（1）当没有问题的笔墨写在纸上产生洇墨、阻力大等类问题，建议换纸。

（2）不要使用线格过小的纸，选择写起来有种自然舒适状态的纸。

（3）不要刻意追求“好”纸，硬笔行书的练习对纸的要求较低。

字帖

如果基础比较差，或者追求没那么高，可以从现代字帖练，比较容易上手。如果想追求书法或者有一定基础，那么就要多临摹古帖了。硬笔临摹古帖，初学以赵孟頫行楷《妙严寺》、《胆巴碑》过度，再以《赤壁赋》、《吴兴赋》入手，然后可以临文征明等二王一路的帖。或者直接以李邕《法华寺》入手。以上字帖，要下大功夫临摹，专注一本，长期熏修，悟到行书精髓，然后可以遍临诸家。

推荐字帖

1、田英章的字帖

田英章的硬笔字，刚中带柔，舒展洒脱。

以下是田英章老师的一些作品：

2、李放鸣字帖

李放鸣字的风格与田英章老师较为相近。其书法字帖因选材独特、版式新颖、印刷精美，被许多学校作为指定书法教材，在全国首届硬笔书法系列评比中获书家组“十佳字帖”奖，

以下是李放鸣老师的一些作品：

3、司马彦行书

司马彦的行书相当棒特别适合初学者临习，临他的字帖其优点是不容易走偏而且有利于将来的发展是国内目前少有的即有名气又有实力的书法家，他的行书字帖是国内许多院校硬笔行书的必修课。

书写注意的问题

钢笔行书的幅式有中堂条幅、条屏、对联、横幅、长卷、扇面等幅式。

钢笔行书函文的书写形式，也有竖写和横写两种方式。常用的排列方式，与楷书大体接近。一般用单线稿纸或无格纸书写较多，方格纸用得较少。

钢笔行书的落款，款文要用本体或行草书写，款文字形要小于正文，钤印的印章宁少勿多，1-2方足矣。印章的大小，应等于或略大于款文，但不得大于正文。钤印位置要与正文相呼应，起到活跃布局、平衡作品的作用。

(一)要以楷书为基础，在结构和用笔两方面练好扎实的基本功。行书的用笔和结构虽然较楷书有所变化，但还没有达到草书“解散楷体”的程度。因此，学习行书必须要具备一定的楷书基础。

(二)要重视临摹。行书虽然承袭楷书，但笔画、部首和结体都发生了一些规律性的变化。这些规律性的变化、写法，就要通过临摹去掌握，而不能随心所欲。

(三)不宜过分强调和滥用行书的用笔特点。前面讲了行书诸多特点，在书写中适当运用能给字增色，但如果过分追求和滥用某一方面的特点，就会走向反面。如，笔笔相连，就会造成圈眼密布而形同蛛网。

(四)学习行书宜从部首开始。行书在长期使用过程中形成了一些约定俗成的写法，熟悉和掌握这些部首的写法，就能了解行书的造形规律，收到举一反三之效。

坚持练字

当我们学习一项新技能，坚持这件事无疑是学习过程中最重要的事，也是最难做到的事，练字也是这样。

想要坚持就得有大的决心，然后培养出习惯，并且能体会到练字给自己带来的乐趣。在坚持的过程中，能够得到来自别人和自己的肯定。

所以，不妨列一个计划，树立一个可以达到的目标。前期的目标不能追求质的改变，需要做量的积累。例如，我要临写琴赋，我每周要认真的练10个字。我第一天可以通临一遍，我第三十天的时候再通临一遍。可以做一次比较。如果认真练，一个月，成果还是能激励到自己的。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书，是一种书法统称，分为行楷和行草两种。在楷书的基础上发展，是介于楷书、草书之间的一种字体，是为了弥补楷书的书写速度太慢和草书的难于辨认而产生的。\"行\"是\"行走\"的意思，因此它不像草书那样潦草，也不像楷书那样端正。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYooE6s02q6YwaIX4hu9uoh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书特点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCmOEs00igwWECGZNmciYhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书作为一种有别于其他字体的独立字体，自然在笔画形态、用笔方法、部首写法以及结构上都有其自身的一些特点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngkAmU6qiK4i8Qv6BxHNrRh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行笔增速","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw6GEi4esci8uQI1iR5Lh6N"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的行笔增速是相对楷书而言的。行书在增速上，不仅表现在笔画与笔画出现牵丝映带、以圆转代替方折，还表现在笔顺的改变和以简代繁甚至借用草书的一些写法上等等。但是在书写时不能为了快而快，造成笔笔相连如蜘蛛网一样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4A2qasEiuWUYkZ1dqB2YKg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画线条多变","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAC0IEe8smUMWUNkE65pqFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷如立，行如走，行书的走体现在笔画的流动性而形成的动感上。起笔多以露锋起笔，笔画之间增加呼应等，下面仅从四个方便加以说明：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmo2EUA2QyQYQOpRuAKjWVN"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"附笔连接","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKO8U08cWWeECqYPIfYOYFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓附笔，就是一个字的原来笔画顺势而出现的附加笔画（比较细、比较虚）。如点、横画与下面的笔画衔接时，出现附钩；与上面的笔画衔接时出现附挑；长撇收笔处往往出现明显的起钩，看上去与“钩”没有什么不同，实际上是撇画的附钩。如图：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng40Ayk4sOochdaUkUaDoRc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":108,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"附笔连接","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eca8f277af0b489aac734555f6636835","width":573},"text":"","id":"doxcne4MYO0e0MSEOaqWW5DscEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这些附钩、附挑与上笔、下笔连接的呼应关系极为明显，使笔画脉络相通，活泼流畅、动感十足。但要注意，这些附钩、附挑的出现，是行笔过程中起笔和收笔留下的自然痕迹，不可有意去描摹追求。否则会失去天然美。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQosAsCSGaCgIWgLBtZK6cf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以圆代方","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnke0eqiaMQIEkckKTrA1cjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的转折笔画，方笔明显减少，而以圆代替方折，这是由于行笔增快的原因。转折处省略了提按的顿笔，圆转而过，使笔画圆润自然。如图：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMIigaa6YeQ0cqQPyA7Bwrh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":114,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"以圆代方","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fa22bfea6aca41b7a9421e6071527ebe","width":595},"text":"","id":"doxcnSw6iMMO06ssymyB1twoYmh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"变直为弧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn00YcUQm8uSGQuGKq3NljJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书要求横平竖直，而行书的横竖由于行笔增快，为了增强笔画之间的呼应关系，长横和长竖的写法有的稍带弧形。如图：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaKskOi0sY4KGakHWIsQk3z"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":116,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"变直为弧","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/15c909205ef94238b967205ddc025d52","width":613},"text":"","id":"doxcnGqo4eSEKUUwSwTXTYrUHic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"但不是所有的横、竖都作弧形，如中竖就要挺直，即便是稍带有弧形的笔画，也要有一定的力度，柔中见刚。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYi0UGKweOYA4KkT58rn5T2"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以简代繁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGiaEmcsGagIm4OSsc9z8bc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书的笔画各自独立，其笔画数目严格遵循汉字规范，一个字由几个笔画就写几个笔画。写行书时，为了书写简便，往往将相邻的笔画连写，合并线条，或对楷书的某些部位做了简化，减少起、收笔的次数。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsQQsMgoM2A402yVHiHyPUv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书的钩画，在书写行书时，多省略了起钩。如图：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6eyqgoGoem08SsWngD7f3f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":98,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"以简代繁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b354150271a34825903868d3d515d728","width":628},"text":"","id":"doxcnK6KygmS0QoOUwjHQ8geBXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的基本笔画点画，可以代替横、竖、撇、捺笔画。如图：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmYOkwSwUuW4YMRE6knAXNc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":122,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"以简代繁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2f6f6b0635a4c848a1d6491f4eeb70a","width":610},"text":"","id":"doxcnaoEGQ0IMI62yuwFnncnP1u"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的部首在楷书的基础上出现连笔，减少了笔画数，使书写更加方便。如图：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng8CEO06kGaGiWK2FYjnhIe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":131,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"以简代繁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2aa6fa9722874a839bae5d58753edc10","width":624},"text":"","id":"doxcnsOuGiIi2ySsEamQ4uXeCXe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔顺变化","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOWYccUaQYoYwYVjno6mVFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的笔顺大部分遵循楷书笔顺规则，但为了连写便捷，一篇字中有时会出现一些人们习惯使用的行草书字形，有些字就改变了常规的笔画顺序。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"如图","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"（楷书6笔，行书3笔）：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkYCYuqeCYaI683GEkwio1e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":101,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"笔顺变化","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b163d5ef32144a4388b912e4dcc2c57e","width":578},"text":"","id":"doxcnYQsY0AQiQM60SIwbqdCQZe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"体势变化","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK8ekquqcSwW6gc1HfDZZy7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由于行书的笔画较之楷书发生了一些变化，其结果也随着带来了变化。大体有以下几种情况：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYcayiScyO4ksEpwQUWCpCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、一个字有多种写法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0SE0GGqO0UeUiIHM8D5oDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如“是”字下半部分，“花”字的字头，写得有放有缩，同中有异，多样而统一，颇有趣味。如图：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEIYGeI42OG8QGOOxMNGnTd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":204,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"体势变化","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/37c1e6c1bcdb490580c87e506e958ee2","width":483},"text":"","id":"doxcnQyEiqUKeqUyo8LDxLzsHJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.打破楷书端庄方正的束缚，略带攲斜，自成新的体势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnekuEeAGmUas0eW6kEGNm5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如横画可以较大幅度上斜，笔画的走向也可以略偏离原来楷书的轨道。这就在不同程度上改变了楷书的体势，使整篇字中的个体和群体都变得自由活泼了，避免了楷书的呆板。如图：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIqUEEeswYSKAARJKgVX2Ff"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":118,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"体势变化","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b5d537a662744315aca01acc06fbc9a9","width":589},"text":"","id":"doxcnK6GK8OwqqoCqkpbuAXc8bg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书运笔技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn286meS28OAIS2SImTeo2kb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画运行","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn66mcsMAg8ME2uClYQvkzCd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔行书的基本笔画，在书写时都有起笔、行笔、收笔三个过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8oiwWqqI0W6K0ceOnst56d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓起笔，就是开始书写笔画笔尖触纸时的下笔；行笔，就是书写笔画的中间运笔；收笔，就是笔画书写结束时的用笔。如写横画，左为起笔，中为行笔，右为收笔，等等。起笔有轻有重，行笔有快有慢，收笔有回有露。例如：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngAEsqoQ4iqSyIt9czBdsYd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":117,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画运行","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/26620f385ccb48549b0d42af46ee8148","width":608},"text":"","id":"doxcnu0I8C6QSkQu6wC8uxXsIXY"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"提笔、按笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOKMO0aw0YYycCmpOuXS0uc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔行书的用笔也讲究提按，以增强笔画的粗细变化和轻重的节奏。所谓提笔，就是笔从纸面提起，笔尖触纸力度小，笔画要细；所谓按笔，就是笔尖在纸上往下按，笔尖触纸力度大，笔画要粗一些。如图：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMUQUQyqSI20yqa7sL7G9oS"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"提笔、按笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/771a46a498b94d1dbfce1dafd2b27352","width":635},"text":"","id":"doxcnekasEsoeoe4mu0Nonrjcle"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"翻笔、折笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkwSKqK2EUKaIOcl4UC3Ewf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"翻笔，一般是向上取逆势，上一笔接下一笔出现的钩挑。如“古”字的横，“人”、“有”的撇都是用翻笔写成的。折笔，一般是向下、向右取顺势，如“口”字的横折、“山”字的竖折，都是用这笔写成的。不论翻笔、折笔，都要求用笔慢而有力。如图：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyu6isAmOi4mGTUsHEOHMyl"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":116,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翻笔、折笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/376c3e54379a4f8da1fdcdac2c9ec6d1","width":604},"text":"","id":"doxcn8mko4OE4Isik4sE9kDYhOb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"侧笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYUSKSkE6ecGYOyGakZ6Ece"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"侧笔主要取字的姿态，笔画的下笔处比较方折，显得刚劲有力。如“五、方”等字的长横，“永、广”等字的侧点，“志”字的中竖，“个”字的斜撇等，都是侧笔写成的。如图：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnickAgMqO4cSeqQWjFp2fOb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":118,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"侧笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/34052b9680c943679ca2b04e24444a41","width":615},"text":"","id":"doxcniOQqoe8GSea4KwF9bGE8oc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"涩笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIkieauKK2cIEyGYClkTTTT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"涩笔，书写时故意放慢行笔速度，认为制造行笔阻力。目的在于强调线条的质感，多用于竖钩、竖弯钩等笔画。如图：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncmuAC2coEcoyaMtuxgMHeg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"涩笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a19fb0a98520486a9af24133ca5290f8","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcngyyMMII2u0YoQH0KHwRW9d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"游笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncgIsMuooiCmEyeecwIlOVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"游笔似行云流水，用笔流畅、便捷，多用于钩画字的轮廓，以增加线条的流动。如图：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6A68Yw4a8CcqEjJ2IizvOd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":122,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"游笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/93708b47b1a748308fa686ffcd21d9af","width":573},"text":"","id":"doxcnA20sSyg640oqMBKjFLP1gf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"掠笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6Qy2iyYqeUEccttvY8B9qh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"掠笔也叫牵丝，书写时将笔轻提，一带而过。掠笔的作用是牵引笔画，加强上一笔画与下一笔画之间的联系。但要注意，掠笔使用要自然，不能笔笔都用牵丝或人为地去描摹。如图：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWoIEmcUKAEsUorROIwynxb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":132,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"掠笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/99f0640fef214aeaa8bd2b8f89f7ca28","width":583},"text":"","id":"doxcneaMcwO2kqyOisDMQA6j9Eg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"叠笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkaQa4oymCAqCOiY22o4SHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"叠笔，就是在原来的行笔路线上重返进行。这种方法，可以使局部笔画变得丰润。需要注意的是重叠的距离不能过长。如图：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0AG880oUS6qmwb1W2K3b1c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":112,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"叠笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/97b3caad2b7841f2bc0bf6c15837045b","width":566},"text":"","id":"doxcnuWMCSksCoQ8qcJXVGl3IEG"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书笔画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6YmQuse2cq6KuSFJRm4CBf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基本笔画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnASwKMc6kmAqKIr8E3RQppg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画是构成字的基本要素，练习基本笔画是书写汉字的基本功训练。行书笔画是在楷书笔画的基础上增加速度和流动感，有时可直接使用楷法，有时增加牵丝，钩挑或弧形笔画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnokiWEkCoGG4WQlXMVyTj5b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuayeUaCGOy4WoXTaeQ4ZGh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、带勾点是由点带出勾挑，如“不”字，目的是牵引下一字。写法是先顺势写长点，用笔要由轻而重、由左而右，勾时再用力顿一下，然后迅速向左下勾出。带勾点要有一定的弯势，不能生硬僵直；线条要遭劲流利，不能软弱迟疑。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS6Uq4WGqSi8e891v5CBb7e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":61,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"点","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7dafdb00df394564b330199046c34278","width":121},"text":"","id":"doxcnUqU4MqwKmSWaUTbrpuefbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、带下点是指上下两点一笔带下，如“淤”（于）字。写法是落笔写上点，用力顿一下，再提笔写下点，最后再用力顿一下，迅速勾出。上点略侧，下点稍平，上下点之间，用一细细的牵丝相连。使上下连贯、粗细分明，有形态、有动势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwYs4wU4KmIwAsvO11643pf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":57,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"点","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ce90e4f0700b438690ae40c81d53ad67","width":115},"text":"","id":"doxcnwGYeUWOI0qAuYwTCXBwenb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、带右点是由左点带出右点，如“以”字。写法是用笔轻落重按先写左点，然后提笔写右点，略顿一下用力向右上趯出，趯勾要短小。写带右点时左点要大右点要小，如两点差不多大，就缺少变化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6w2MM4Uei4KKILAEs1v47d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":56,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"点","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/47e389d9d18146ee986573a799339c9f","width":113},"text":"","id":"doxcnG2eimsSO6GMigHv99ap97g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、合二点是指左右两点相呼相应，如“六”字。写法是轻落重按写左点，然后用力向右上勾出，再顺着勾势写右点，最后用力向左下撇出。合二点虽然中间没有牵丝相连，但要一气呵成，左点与右点之间应左高右低，遥相呼应。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsgeSIqscGMUCCsKvZE0LLc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":61,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"点","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3b940023e35749f79c5cf3440d33acf3","width":113},"text":"","id":"doxcnimqkAeWOUYIAtjrTxgnpJr"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"横","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQcaIGEcE0uAsym2dLLXJUh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、下勾横是指横画下面带勾，如“然”字。“然”字下面本来是四点，现改写为一横画，是采用了草书写法。写法是落笔略顿，再向右写横，至末端用力折笔向左下勾出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKg402QqcI8eqe0vn6ifVmk"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":55,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"横","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2211f4c39b7c447c9b24d8a8bcf3995e","width":113},"text":"","id":"doxcnouIEaC2UoUc2oj5lVg2goe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、上挑横是指横画上面带挑，如“古”字。写法是在写好一横后，再用力一顿翻笔上挑而出．上挑横与下勾横不同处是末端收笔的方向不一样，前者上挑，后者下勾；上挑是为了顺势写上画，下勾是为了开启下笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEmwyEwi2aY0GSMa8jCaV5d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"横","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3a129458e5d149fe8544fd9b430083dc","width":113},"text":"","id":"doxcnQw6ieUISEU2gkJglu5sQ2b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"竖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0gsmK46KqSoIcXKOM5HDSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、悬针竖是指竖画下面尖尖的如针倒悬，如“半”字。写法是落笔略顿，接着由上而下、由重而轻写竖画。悬针竖要如针垂直端悬，不能东斜西倒。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMGEuSO0UIEKwERGIXzMqXd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":58,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"竖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9f97144af17c4cc3852ee12797785bea","width":116},"text":"","id":"doxcnSAy0YIQgoW8QkZfG88gPdf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、垂露竖是指竖画下面不失如露水倒垂，如“申”字。写法是落笔略顿，接着由上而下写竖画，至末端再略顿一下，回锋收笔。垂露竖的两端用笔重而中间用笔轻，两端书写速度慢而中间书写速度快，竖中带挺呈曲势，如人挺立，显得精神饱满。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEMqY8OiweUaEwfryAYZwlb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"竖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c7233748a264451aae64cb85136d77f9","width":115},"text":"","id":"doxcns6ooS2yy0UywOQZTPz5ypd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、曲勾竖是指竖画下端带曲勾，如“抑”字。写法是写好一竖后，末端收笔时顺势向左下迅速勾出。曲勾竖的竖中略带曲势，并非一味地端直。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWocOQWKQ6E8C23aBQquN0e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"竖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/422582d36dca4f7fb6a6ec0c247ac8be","width":116},"text":"","id":"doxcniCkCySYaogCMy8CgtzOdad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、仰勾竖是指竖画下端带仰勾，如“隆”字。写法是落笔写竖画，至末端再用力向右上勾出。。仰勾竖与曲勾竖的差别是前者仰勾向上、由左而右，后者曲勾向下、由右而左；前者是承上笔，后者是启下画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyaSKUuKC2KqK617H2GW7Pb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"竖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8f716018b4ea41b397b1aaf7e4f3680d","width":114},"text":"","id":"doxcnuse6KUEuUEUCcRJx1mLSfc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"撇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkuQgYUGGYCWmu1xqsHOvdb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、回锋撇是指撇画下端回锋向上，如“化”字。写法是落笔稍重，随着向左下写撇，至撇尾再回锋向上收笔。因为撇尾回锋收笔，并非出锋收笔。所以撇尾不失而圆。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwSKsUSWqMCAAEpqutNwPhg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"撇","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/922652bcb9514c53aae97dfb45a65c02","width":114},"text":"","id":"doxcnUq28SS4m06OaSONR4T0JOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、挑脚撇是指撇画下端挑脚向上，如“今”字。写法与回锋撇同，只是收笔时挑脚而出呈勾状。一般说，回锋撇往往是撇后写竖，笔势角度小，挑脚撇往往是撇后写捺，笔势角度大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIM4cMOeC4E0qoVwwpW0EBe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":57,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"撇","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ce86631cdd8147deb3cecc6e26230e05","width":114},"text":"","id":"doxcnWCqy8UgkWqyGCUQT3Bah3d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、斜撇斜撇是楷书写法，撇端尖尖的，如“余”字。写法是落笔稍重，然后逐渐提笔向左下撇出，撇时要轻灵不要迟疑，而且力要送到撇尖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKUkQgCIQmcASsrU1PSoWOg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":55,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"撇","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b5851891c7ee4faba695bb080697181f","width":98},"text":"","id":"doxcnqWGEuY4uQUcABH3xLQVtIm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、平撇平撇在字头，短小而平，如“重”字。写法是落笔重，略顿，随后提笔迅速撇出。平撇的形态有点象鸟啄，短小尖锐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSAI4mCuscQM4AZkOe8sg7b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":53,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"撇","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/399df9a1ed2b4cf5b69f693db394d742","width":102},"text":"","id":"doxcn4w2CiuQGqGIqSogyuvEIuc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn20memQssyuI0stjz1MXDUe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、斜捺是指捺画斜而长，如“秦”字。斜捺在汉字中往往与斜撇相配，如同人的左右手。写法是顺着撇势轻落笔，略横行，接着转笔向右下方写。捺时要稍用力，随即向右平捺出。斜捺的形态是一波三折，故又称“波画”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS8wcu6CoSyWUuC7luiH6Ef"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":53,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4b41bf4bb4a04cb08ea51f452a2a3b19","width":103},"text":"","id":"doxcnY2cuQQ2MYwSSecUkPVdJtd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、回锋捺是指斜捺的捺脚收笔处不是出锋而是回锋，如“天”字。写法与斜捺同，只是最后回锋收笔，露出下尖勾，目的是为了书写下一字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn00Uo80MmSWQ8Yziod0jWig"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":52,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a78f1707e64d4cc3ac5eef8944cd7182","width":106},"text":"","id":"doxcnkWSUUAcqKsAcMHBwADjOIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、反捺是从斜捺、回锋捺变化而来，如“木”字。写法是轻落笔，触纸后徐徐用力向右下行笔，然后用力向左下勾出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyoUMMs0KMq4IQTiqai28Xd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":53,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/adb55180b44f46478a9116adde068b3f","width":101},"text":"","id":"doxcnA48ssUU6AQCWmyJoiZstcb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、圆曲捺是指游水捺的三弯处圆曲如环。写法是先落笔写一点，接着顺势写一竖，再提笔向右拐弯，然后回锋或藏锋收笔。写回曲捺要注意两点，一是拐弯要圆曲不能生硬，二是捺尾要圆浑不能尖利。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO0i8ywawgaaaU53p6qQ18b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":52,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/605d4619a61e49c7961302bbc8590a49","width":103},"text":"","id":"doxcnEGQK8oGi28I62ym38KMdWq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、平捺在字的下面起托的作用，因比字头或字中的斜捺角度较小波画较平而名之，如“之”字。写法是回锋落笔，略横，随着向右下用笔，然后用力平平捺出。平捺与斜捺一样，形态是一波三折，有一种流动的势态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEaGgmIScg4yMoL8sJt1IKb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":56,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/55e6d026f8794a02be4e6b743ef10d41","width":103},"text":"","id":"doxcnOgO002K2Eg8G4Vh3Vfwh2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、挑勾捺是指平捺的捺脚上挑，如“超”字。写法是写好平捺后，捺脚不平出，而是顺势上挑成勾状，目的是为了便于写“走”字里面的部分。挑勾捺其实是在平捺快写后顺着笔势自然形成的一种写法，不可勉强为之。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEOMgg68YwSouGkh1NHmCTf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"挑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmIM0wg6Y4aIyaSGfbCqCJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、短挑是挑画的一种，线条短小，如“地”字。短挑在行书中是承着其他点画书写而出，短小精锐，恰似一把短剑。写法是落笔后略顿，随即逐渐提笔用力挑出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEWGcM8GI8Q6qoF49kXcPld"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":51,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"挑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/332ae9b91f744f70bd10f05bbca1e078","width":100},"text":"","id":"doxcnW0uyq6IyKmmSy6PkudqHff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、撇折挑是指撇和挑连写，如“福”字。写法是先写一撇，然后折笔用力向右上迅速挑出，撇折挑要注意折处，书写时点画务必交待清楚，不能含含糊糊，拖泥带水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4g8sq2E6AkeOys9eLkHIke"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":52,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"挑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b406da1174de4ec897df80e8768c9280","width":103},"text":"","id":"doxcnuWCEyKWOuC6s8PV6hhl0pf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"勾","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuOYcgSEq8EmS4QX8PE1UFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、蟹爪勾是指竖勾屈曲似蟹爪，如“寺”字。写法是先写竖画，然后转笔向左行笔，再翻笔向上勾出。蟹爪勾是竖勾的变化写法，形态优美、线条雄健、气势酣畅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqGwW8uucc4okquXfu1Iz6b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":53,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"勾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/676dc82fd79347f5b5f0cdb428819f38","width":106},"text":"","id":"doxcnmcqwMCuSomAU2VO2H56Uje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、戈勾即戈字勾，如“戊”字。写法是侧锋落笔，然后纵笔而下，勾时用力翻笔向上勾出。戈画平中带弧有韧劲，刚中含柔见纵势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneIAEeiQsAisScv2zhC19Wd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":55,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"勾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7fc32e4ff05f40d79a11436de1d10958","width":109},"text":"","id":"doxcn2sWu6cSwoUQIagLJ0gXPHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、背抛勾是指从背面反抛勾出，如“夙”字。写法是顺势写上横画，拐弯时折笔而下，然后宛转提笔写下弯画，再翻笔向左上勾出。背抛勾转弯抹角处不能生硬有棱角，勾尖要向内，对着字心首画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneA6WGqWa08WcgtWYZlo7bc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":55,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"勾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/82397aca8fb244599de39104582f9462","width":111},"text":"","id":"doxcni48aw2ygGaueEXTgi0fPkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、浮鹅勾因形同白鹅浮绿水而名，如“毛”字。写法是落笔稍重，接着用笔向下写直画，随即提笔拐弯写横，最后翻笔向上勾出。浮鹅勾要鹅头高昂，鹅身平正，方正中呈圆势，态度雍容大方，气宇轩昂不几。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8KCauImwe6AiSEiYsnwzYg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"勾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7b617d7719b44824b5806f49962dcee8","width":113},"text":"","id":"doxcnIgc2WYK2uWQ26BXelFJ3Ad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、回锋勾如同回锋捺是斜捺的快写形式一样，回锋勾是浮鹅勾的快写形式，如“也”字。写法是顺势写竖横圆曲折，然后翻笔由上绕一小圈向下勾出。回锋勾与浮鹅勾的不同处除了勾的形式和方向不一样外，是回锋勾的竖横向内圆曲而浮鹅勾的竖横向外开拓。向内圆曲的比较宛转流利，向外开拓的比较雄健挺拔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQs8iweaQK8e4EdPKOJQHdl"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":58,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"勾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4a57349ba2744aed87bf15a00625e300","width":110},"text":"","id":"doxcnyU04Y0i2acIuozMvyOzlSb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQQ8s20aSK8ESahD9M899g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、横勾折是指横画加折勾，如“罪”字。写法是落笔先写横画，折时稍用力向左下方勾出。横勾折不仅要横与勾的笔画分明，而且转折要自然有力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWio8e02SYoAeQbaBlG2Hte"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":53,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/128989d8259a40f4a691e2f9123a958e","width":112},"text":"","id":"doxcnwYkoSe6ayIw2cxjYtbxLrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、竖勾折是指竖画加折勾，如“问”字。写法是先写竖画，要心胸挺起，折时不妨笔略提起，再顿下去，然后迅速向左上勾出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWQm4Eao4aqKKw0lLitNFtb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/68995ecd52ce43f1b01b82e83b13507e","width":119},"text":"","id":"doxcnKa66M4A8EQke6P0RkyQjSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、曲折在行书中用得很多，凡是撇捺连续快写都成曲折，如“根”字。写法是落笔写撇画，接着向右折笔，再随即向下勾。曲折形似闪电，富于动态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqyOWY6g2UaA6MpQ8FUINvd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":60,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0ddab8e070554eafbe788d27eab1d049","width":116},"text":"","id":"doxcnCsOWsqOcGG8eOsNEpVaYtd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、撇捺折是撇捺的连写，但书写较工整，如“衣”字。写法是落笔稍重，再逐渐提笔写撇，然后回锋向右下方写反捺，即成。撇捺折在撇捺的交接处要连写，要有折的风味。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWewKKSI4cCscYF1HaN4kGc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/79a94fe61ef64a4fa98d34a844cbb160","width":115},"text":"","id":"doxcnewcmg4qW6gEA0UaVVbOKre"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、三弯折是指三弯折曲折成三弯，如“乃”字。写法是先落笔写横，再折笔写弯，接着顺势向下弯出。三弯折要折而有韧劲，弯曲自然舒展。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ6CKwao4cIOMERTrg1fhHq"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":58,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dc888fce47574bb3b23e27aa45348ecb","width":111},"text":"","id":"doxcnoeyy2S4qewywgDcvyMUwSQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、内勾折是由横撇折的外勾变为内勾，如“序”字。写法是写好横画后，接着翻笔写撇，撇要成内包势，随即趁势向右上勾出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2Ss2qCgGmKIyIBRbOunaWc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9a9fff903cb242b6999cbc36061881e7","width":114},"text":"","id":"doxcnGq0mgYMSAuiAk1UtlcrkIg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、鹅勾折是浮鹅勾的快速简便写法，如“光”字。写法是依势落笔写短斜竖，随即折笔向右上勾出。鹅勾折的折处要圆润遒丽，用笔要流畅明净。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUcYuEAuYYAK2olswbP1IWg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a2d65e9e63944a29a8c1e22d6b6d446c","width":114},"text":"","id":"doxcngKK2iS2mq28YKkCCgOrLEg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书偏旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne4EC2w0iSQggQBLryTtseh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书偏旁一定要根据与其所搭配的单体的长短、肥瘦,大小不同而有所变化，不能千篇一律。此外，部首一定要与其所搭配的单体互相呼应。呼应的方法，或者借助于楷书用意连，或者借助于草书用形连。形连时要注意既要靠牵丝，又要靠笔势，过多地使用牵丝，如果形连势不能连，整个字仍是盘散沙。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSOOim2IA4aQigZNH3bjZ3b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"食字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwy2cmiKaaiiEOEDyjUgBld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"侧锋落笔写撇，随即回锋写横勾折，接着顺势写竖仰勾。整个食字旁线条清楚匀称，是一笔写成。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnskckguQUkAiOaOq0mEPaZg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":170,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"食字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a8aca3a771fc4a139c03aa0e90418c82","width":683},"text":"","id":"doxcn8sooCSyYuEuWmiJHQUlQjh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"衣字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8weuAWyMEwOuaz7nBePYf7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首点向左下带出一点以呼应下一笔，撇点用撇提代替，改变示字旁的书写顺序。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOUi6ocKee4wEgxutajZ0ug"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":178,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"衣字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ba320b2860b4d5ea7f13cc526d07f4c","width":603},"text":"","id":"doxcnm044EWWyysAgKOz7kzuh0d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"弓字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQoSaoCCQGSEouEqkI0Mt1V"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"先落笔写横折，再翻笔写横折勾。弓字旁的弓须一气呵成，不能用两笔或三笔写成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkYSu64sIuM8kEVA00RUYge"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":143,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"弓字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/08c6744a04614a75a307d434eb2c4521","width":603},"text":"","id":"doxcnCI6m6QgMOu046KVUu1wVyf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"虫字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncuIAKskk2k6eWMBytYHUIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"落笔写短斜竖，再顺势写横竖折，接着回锋写下横，然后翻笔向上写竖折挑，为了便于书写，行书虫字旁的一点往往省掉。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyk6kqwCUqqEW2RwzZ4n3ih"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":122,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"虫字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cb9cebae85cf4f3daa0cfe4223b8ea03","width":616},"text":"","id":"doxcnKQwUa42qiGgQ4XMINBjERg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"马字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOqe6eOKia20mI1EpDYjbEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"落笔写出折勾，再回笔写竖横折勾，最后顺势写下横。下横一般写成挑画，以便书写右面点画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaWIkyqaUog64IXUTVzmjpd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":152,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/16ffcec311ac4028b30e62c7250e5e0c","width":637},"text":"","id":"doxcni42mMSs2E2AOuIVn5LBdR1"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"页字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYgAMQAkmUM8yMnjyyPcyJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"页字旁主要是在右部。其第一横要稍长，抗肩，中间用小撇画，不要太长，撇画的起笔位置稍靠左，第二个撇画的弯度较大一些，但不要写的太长，最后撇画带出小钩，呼应最后一点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnggWey8I8Qy2gp6EKTxTgrr"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":200,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"页字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1ef06ff99d4f4cfb8f5d18c1c3c6cb88","width":499},"text":"","id":"doxcnGe2wGsEeCkE4WS28zkaZdg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"舌字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0WCQaSSMQ6U40ePMyOCRZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先平撇要短，角度稍平，竖写短，横可稍长，但口字要写小。所以偏旁整体要小。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw0QMekIIqY4MuoKDXqpNHg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":128,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"舌字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/376a27e1eeb04fc48a3e0169b1c32a15","width":629},"text":"","id":"doxcnukqYqKcCWCqISWTs6rNoEd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"田字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwiy4wqSwuEEAg1BTDW8gvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"田字旁也是写小，且整体稍向右上斜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniQ6QCW62Acq0Ys0PILBIbS"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":136,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"田字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/24ec8a9db1b44db2816be55337f4d46b","width":614},"text":"","id":"doxcnU4AEwyO6UmKWnsuY5eX5Io"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书章法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0k2USuqGSugoCmR2YmrWAf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书是介于楷书和草书之间的书体，是日常生活书写中最常用最流行的书体。尤以钢笔行书为最。行书笔画、结构有一定的伸缩性，形态又多变化，丰富奇彩、意到笔随，可塑性大，利于发挥艺术效果，实用价值更是超过其它书体。一副得意之作，通篇结构，引领管带，首尾呼应，一气呵成，各尽意志，气适流动，起伏随势，巧布虚陈，寄情寓意，无不淋漓尽致，酣畅爽快，令人赏心悦目。这些都说明章法在行书创作中显得尤为重要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYWYK8W6Ky0U4I7p3ZGyLpe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"章法特点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnscaOkQmK2ym2uuacwmDWBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书由于笔画、结构变化较大，形体各异，加之书写风格不同，因而即使同一字也会出现多种形态，有肥瘦、长短、方圆、雄浑、挺拨、俊秀等差别。正是这些差别，使行书作品千姿百态，异彩纷呈，构成了不同的气韵的章法。因此，行书的谋篇布局较楷书要灵活得多，具有如下特点：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqAOUUCUEQ82MNIa8dy6Jqr"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔势多取纵势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnem6uwmIUgkUOCiIIHAVoEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由于行书笔画活泼流动，笔画之间有牵纵行带，前字的末笔与后字的首笔连带密切，如取纵势，更显得如行云流水，气韵贯通，给人以一气呵成之势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncqai8YcC4qkEcJZZYp0wbf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"疏密变化自如","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEe4IuQwQKco6ioVhPww3Yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书除笔画、结构有疏密变化外，在整体布局中通过改变字形的大小、长短、字态的肥瘦、俯仰，能自由地调整疏密位置与布白，达到疏密得当，布白奇妙的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngI8I8iWY4ggEETpYW4TWKg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"参差错落有致","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyY6McsoGiCAI49eIbJf1Yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书不仅仅笔画、结体各部分及字与字之间有参差变化外，而且行与行之间及通篇亦有错落变化，这样，整体布局显得活泼灵动，妙趣横生。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkQa262qAS4Y44kebdWNjlc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行气直抒胸臆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWEUW0aSwKqwioL7kGZZbih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由于行书书写速度较快，行笔之时情法于中、笔情交融，最能直接表达书者的情感，增加作品的感染力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAyKM0AU8QauAC89X8PETgg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"谋篇技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8g2yw6YQisMUewcHsiCBnc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以动为主","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQGCG264aiCOa62eig4dIyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书的章法以静为主要特征，给人以平和稳定、一丝不苟、不激不厉和端正严肃的感觉；行书章法则以动为主要特征，给人以生动飘逸和富有生命活力的感觉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnusII6oWAIeaeGO2l13qZgh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前人出书法要“师造化”，凡在现实生活中能见到的动作姿态，都可借鉴到行、草书中去，以增强行书作品的动感，丰富其内涵和底蕴。多欣赏和临写古今行书大家作品，也是培养书写动感的有效途径。我们不能用楷书的结体和章法来写行书，这样会使作品显得沉快无生气。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSaqOeS0KomkCcB90z1cpjh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虽然行书强调动感，但并不是随意为之、不要法度，它仍要遵循一定的规律，以严谨求灵变，避免过于放纵。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn04CaAAAGGqYCkB74bKmj5e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以不齐求齐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqYaAUqMyEqaoGolGrLFSLf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书要求字的上下左右间隔匀称，排列整齐，以工整规范为美。行书则要求字形有大小，间隔有疏密排列，有错落变化，以局部的不整齐求得整体的平衡、稳定和齐整，以变化为美。一幅好的行书作品，初看起来一行一行排列得很整齐，行与行之间的距离也相等，一气呵成，浑然一体，气韵生动，但细看起来，我们不难发现，字与字并不对齐，有的偏左，有的偏右，左右动荡不写，行与行之间的距离也不相等，有的紧，有的松，没有定则，即所谓的“行书无写法”，需要我们多实践、多体会。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng0m6K4mIWIQuSTyRdR0iNC"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"具有节奏变化","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0mGoqc8CKiKuisjCYuI1rf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一幅好的行书作品，就象一首抒情的歌曲，时而婉转平和，时而高亢豪迈，时而如行云流水，时而如电闪雷鸣，几经曲折，波澜起伏。这些都是书者书写时情感的自然渲泄，这种渲泻是有节奏的，体现了行书作品的节奏美。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk6oS4648y26OANLehr5Ayh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"前后呼应","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncwCUi2miWAaOs9cTQCQNIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书作品最注重首字，应静心写好文稿第一字，以统领全篇。要使行书的章法显得严谨而又富于变化，一定要注意前后呼应关系，要意在笔先，事先考虑好前后字的衔接问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiUEOuykEcou6ls65je4Ec"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkIiu0qG4ISKEWEV29p0Lhe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno4wuicC8u4woolgT0iFfKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的书写姿势不只是为了好看，还可以使书写技能得到充分、有效地发挥，有助于书写者的身心健康。书写姿势同时也反映出书写者的修养，只有身正才会字正。正确的姿势应是头正、身直、肩平、胸舒、臂开、足安。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkMSswUI2WKAol2w4DioiKY"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":269,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/68e50955c9bf49c79a2d33fa599f8967","width":249},"text":"","id":"doxcnqm2uCmw0owUUY5OWH2KzUg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、头部端正：头要居中，稍向前下方俯视，眼睛与纸面一尺距离，不可俯得太低，也不可左偏、右斜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqAMQGGsCsMWSUpcK0JxSKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、身直肩平：臀部平坐于椅子中间大部，不能扭向一边，两肩平齐，上身不弯曲，使上身重心安稳。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoUiYWyqyCYMED5LIMvyBoq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、臂开胸舒：两臂自然开张，两肘平放桌面，保持一线，腹背挺直，胸口与桌沿保持一拳距离，使呼吸顺畅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0McKYqQOOsQU8lGajEQpze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、腿开足安：两腿分开，与肩同宽，自然下垂，内侧保持平行，两脚平放地上，使全身平衡。正确的书写姿势，才能使字写得端正，重心平衡。同时，正确的姿势也会给人的身体带来益处。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAwCCaoS8cUaUK4bwzdP1wb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"握姿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn484YCWuqYCgQKKJJq1SqBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"执笔方法不正确，不但妨碍书写姿势，影响书写质量，还会给书写者身心健康带来危害，不可忽视。根据笔的自身特点，硬笔是三指执笔法，斜拿。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmkciww0WuyUa4iC5JCK6Ic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的执笔方法：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8A4cGIEUOYy0GW13CkCCOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①用拇指、食指、中指三个指头捏住笔杆（三指处于同一平面）；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIywGmOiyoCcMgN2M7T7Nog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②指尖距笔尖约2.5cm~3cm（两指左右）；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc2QIceAcSgKAWGKahaJm8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③所有指关节都向外弯；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuScKqwMEoSUcys1lP97bCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"④笔杆位于食指的根部（如下图）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEyke2coyo0M6eXj1qhSuNs"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":200,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"握姿","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ce7201cb08b47529021161e4b3de06b","width":382},"text":"","id":"doxcne0eiCmM0cG4U6p3INPuCMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时，还要做到：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnamykg6AwCq2Ac9h72enUCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①指实：拇指、食指、中指来自三方的力量，处在与笔杆垂直的同一圆角上，将笔杆夹牢，松紧适度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnweCWAUYiyGeg2TkOOdNbBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②掌虚：无名指和小指紧随中指下部依次靠拢，并向掌心弯曲、虛握。小指的整个底部形成一个环形底座，虚贴桌面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA02SkuSikAEiSOc82XnAC8"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③杆斜：笔杆向右后方倾斜，紧靠在食指第三关节与虎口方向，与桌面呈45°角。如果写较大的字，手指向前伸直，笔杆与纸面角度减小；书写较小的字手指向掌心收缩，笔杆与纸面角度大，宜于精離细琢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0EAes80guA0Gg9lxRjo0hb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOk6mywusO2IOkN3g9fTK2c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIOwM62Iy8uGU0alFfMMjUb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSaW8SwyIoEouaOmyhAUNVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔的地位在硬笔练字中处于不可撼动的地位，较强表现力可以反映出毛笔的效果。适合练字的钢笔，日笔应该比欧笔更适合一些。推荐白金3776，百乐78G，写乐21K等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMUmI4aIokKw6cbKMEuVWDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于练习钢笔的选择，我们可以遵从以下原则：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn06GiYsWC4mq00ovgwEGzRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）不使用美工笔。美工笔不利于稳定练习；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO2UQEqWkuQuQCIEGKZsrbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）不使用写起来不适的钢笔。比如出现堵笔、洇墨、摩阻过大等问题；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ42AKQqyYg6I8hGOKSkeOc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）不使用过贵的钢笔。在成本练字的过程相对耗笔，尽量做到成本控制，贵的笔对练字本身没有太实质性的帮助。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni404gSg2e6WyMPg2b2F9Bb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":266,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/efce42fa90fe484395d9143de95dc1bf","width":400},"text":"","id":"doxcn4uY6IYu2ICIw3EuOMlrjFG"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmwuQmOGuS042gvVP3Id6ah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔有稳定、表现力强、便宜、便捷、书写舒适等优点，是一种相对完美的笔。不止在此次行楷练习试验中，日常生活中，大多数人更愿意使用0.5中性笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4OGuOsYGGC6iqaredoyuJY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐适合练字的中性笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoOmKaemOqcccEVs5KJ77Gg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、国产中性笔宝克PC-1168，这款笔无论从握持手感、出水流畅度、品控还是书写感受方面，都属于第一梯队的，一点也不比那些昂贵的进口中性笔差。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqEukCgewS60EcX2tvmYDVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、百乐P700和P500，其实就是0.7和0.5，笔感超级顺滑，而且出水不多不少，非常好写，这么出名是有原因的。可能看不出来，但0.5确实比0.7的更细。练字推荐用0.7，0.5的可以日常用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUek84A6OCEgOCw5UNMUhJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔的挑选可以遵从如下原则：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkkICQqo6Cm88u7WuiDWz7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）书写流度，笔触顺骨，笔画饱满，墨色均匀；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKe4siIGgSEsaaELXNWpi1H"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）握笔舒适度，长时间书写不会有过于明显累手、压迫感；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwqUMSieS8gsAqyBuq40XIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）墨干燥速度，书写时不会被谱黑就行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEyCssSI00Wq2cFm5hjXT7b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9f858d495e934607b39050eb30d2ed77","width":300},"text":"","id":"doxcnY8SCicMsOOis8J3zWX7Htb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"其他笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSQ2s0gw8CIyYquSaWHLhKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了钢笔和中性笔，其他笔类都可以进行练字。种类繁多，最为常见的有铅笔，圆珠笔等。不一定局限于某种笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEe2muKE6CeU2kfO5ezrUxe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":220,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"其他笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1b423b0b4e1e43c6913f2e1b4ab63a7a","width":220},"text":"","id":"doxcn084Uwumk8C8U068kJ9qbIg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"纸张","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoGqquMwA8CQYG2DKdolh3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习纸种类繁多，常见的有回宫格、米字格、田字格、空白格、横线格、竖线格等等，练习纸的选择也需依据自己的基础，初学尽量选择辅助线多的回宫格、米字格等，随着阶段的变化，练习纸也应该有所改变以减少辅助，达到科学练习的目的。按时间顺序，不止使用了米字格纸、田字格纸、空白格纸、横线纸、竖线纸、白纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS60ocSugMSWegNnbUyHQ2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"重点：从脱离米字格到白纸，练字整个过程都贯穿着田字格纸的巩固练习，不属于完全转换状态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnosQSwUYCgq66QJHLq094Ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另外，有以下几个点可以注意：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSugi6IWWKMKSWd3Ibp7GtZ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）当没有问题的笔墨写在纸上产生洇墨、阻力大等类问题，建议换纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwOOW42wEyY6EKcEt3OKSBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）不要使用线格过小的纸，选择写起来有种自然舒适状态的纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwQoU4AWmY4YmWMBLwAw1rf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）不要刻意追求“好”纸，硬笔行书的练习对纸的要求较低。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8UIMuwA4KiKQk95m4tnAMb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1185,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"纸张","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1370f12a9b3b4d938074b49cdfa4ca62","width":790},"text":"","id":"doxcnqkWu80g8O6mAQr6qkPMw7f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUASa6Y2KiSaSSutOmuSNyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果基础比较差，或者追求没那么高，可以从现代字帖练，比较容易上手。如果想追求书法或者有一定基础，那么就要多临摹古帖了。硬笔临摹古帖，初学以赵孟頫行楷《妙严寺》、《胆巴碑》过度，再以《赤壁赋》、《吴兴赋》入手，然后可以临文征明等二王一路的帖。或者直接以李邕《法华寺》入手。以上字帖，要下大功夫临摹，专注一本，长期熏修，悟到行书精髓，然后可以遍临诸家。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnucQUMwau2sCUwfnACIbDgg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMiQqCcEE8OuoqYdd2ZXLWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、田英章的字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0yGccyK8U4Q8gPBSuvP2yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"田英章的硬笔字，刚中带柔，舒展洒脱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneAcyecEwwsa4FbIfMmqEyr"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以下是田英章老师的一些作品：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAqcEGE4mma06sMSHXIP0nb"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":475,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/57790c3f579340c6a3d920e542c5e081","width":439},"text":"","id":"doxcn84aA4kmYeGssOkRDzIifpe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":523,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/665960b664004091947413f309229f9b","width":363},"text":"","id":"doxcnsOcsieq6aiK82VKH4M2P2f"}],"text":"","id":"doxcngsyKg4mwsuiUu0xj1d3RXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、李放鸣字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngsyKg4mwsuiUu0xj1d3RXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"李放鸣字的风格与田英章老师较为相近。其书法字帖因选材独特、版式新颖、印刷精美，被许多学校作为指定书法教材，在全国首届硬笔书法系列评比中获书家组“十佳字帖”奖，","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneacYskAWwAsmUXP2ENjdhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以下是李放鸣老师的一些作品：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUMwS40qQc8kgUjRNRb08Fd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":510,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/076399aa06bd441c8d96060b3a5cc8c6","width":356},"text":"","id":"doxcnCia2usY2Cg4qAlPMs7VljU"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":430,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d3cafb01a8ad4dcf99af2fb29b35c803","width":521},"text":"","id":"doxcnMOAocWOqOMKW2dihMx5xMc"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsiGWUyekYW2AkdYQvl4iic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、司马彦行书","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsiGWUyekYW2AkdYQvl4iic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"司马彦的行书相当棒特别适合初学者临习，临他的字帖其优点是不容易走偏而且有利于将来的发展是国内目前少有的即有名气又有实力的书法家，他的行书字帖是国内许多院校硬笔行书的必修课。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne82wyikkM6yoQTMT0J7cRf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":465,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/31d1eddee0c14259a78f64d44dd40234","width":388},"text":"","id":"doxcnwQAM8yuu6EI8OGQGVz4TSc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写注意的问题","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneACOeq0e6qUQuKLKnhE4If"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔行书的幅式有中堂条幅、条屏、对联、横幅、长卷、扇面等幅式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEmOcoAicOWaomomHXoY14e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔行书函文的书写形式，也有竖写和横写两种方式。常用的排列方式，与楷书大体接近。一般用单线稿纸或无格纸书写较多，方格纸用得较少。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC2gwqOuYS8ysEDNep9PiJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔行书的落款，款文要用本体或行草书写，款文字形要小于正文，钤印的印章宁少勿多，1-2方足矣。印章的大小，应等于或略大于款文，但不得大于正文。钤印位置要与正文相呼应，起到活跃布局、平衡作品的作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKU0A6ys0sK28ibu7GJzlib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(一)要以楷书为基础，在结构和用笔两方面练好扎实的基本功。行书的用笔和结构虽然较楷书有所变化，但还没有达到草书“解散楷体”的程度。因此，学习行书必须要具备一定的楷书基础。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsIwyOWS6oSuiWaB3wrfzng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(二)要重视临摹。行书虽然承袭楷书，但笔画、部首和结体都发生了一些规律性的变化。这些规律性的变化、写法，就要通过临摹去掌握，而不能随心所欲。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwQ4wQwkYomAcGiwp3anBtc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(三)不宜过分强调和滥用行书的用笔特点。前面讲了行书诸多特点，在书写中适当运用能给字增色，但如果过分追求和滥用某一方面的特点，就会走向反面。如，笔笔相连，就会造成圈眼密布而形同蛛网。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn80K8KKs2meo2ikpSz93xpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(四)学习行书宜从部首开始。行书在长期使用过程中形成了一些约定俗成的写法，熟悉和掌握这些部首的写法，就能了解行书的造形规律，收到举一反三之效。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKUcKcQgYEieUiE5yGslaKf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":614,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"书写注意的问题","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f87da4b8482e41228ccdfe6e92fcdc64","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnKCoUKUikmkMIwEKlo0aKYK"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"坚持练字","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnocwmwKgqkqYq4G69LKJECb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当我们学习一项新技能，坚持这件事无疑是学习过程中最重要的事，也是最难做到的事，练字也是这样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYIOAcgwMewkcqqmYlNpqEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"想要坚持就得有大的决心，然后培养出习惯，并且能体会到练字给自己带来的乐趣。在坚持的过程中，能够得到来自别人和自己的肯定。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEsUqYQi8Wg8ciXxCWIY1hb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所以，不妨列一个计划，树立一个可以达到的目标。前期的目标不能追求质的改变，需要做量的积累。例如，我要临写琴赋，我每周要认真的练10个字。我第一天可以通临一遍，我第三十天的时候再通临一遍。可以做一次比较。如果认真练，一个月，成果还是能激励到自己的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSo6Y20gMyKiEfvjAeoXhiI"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQKUWsAU0AOI2Wg9VerpJWf"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E