mg28钳形电流表(mg28钳形万用表电路图)

1. mg28钳形万用表电路图

1、在使用前应仔细阅读说明书，弄清是交流还是交直流两用。

2、被测电路电压不能超过钳形表上所标明的数值，否则容易造成接地事故，或者引起触电危险。

3、每次只能测量一相导线的电流，被测导线应置于钳形窗口中央，不可以将多相导线都夹入窗口测量。

4、钳形表测量前应先估计被测电流的大小，再决定用哪一量程。若无法估计，可先用最大量程档然后适当换小些，以准确读数。不能使用小电流档去测量大电流。以防损坏仪表。

5、钳口在测量时闭合要紧密，闭合后如有杂音，可打开钳口重全一次，若杂音仍不能消除时，应检查磁路上各接合面是否光洁，有尘污时要擦拭干净。

6、由于钳形电流表本身精度较低，在测量小电流时，可采用下述方法：先将被测电路的导线绕几圈，再放进钳形表的钳口内进行测量。此时钳形表所指示的电流值并非被测量的实际值，实际电流应当为钳形表的读数除以导线缠绕的圈数。

7、维修时不要带电操作，以防触电

2. mg27钳形表

是蜜雪儿服饰品牌。

mgyr开发股份有限公司于1985年7月27日在台湾成立。

MG laby品牌主营产品：各種男女服飾皮件及其配件 之製造加工及買賣業務 帽子,領帶,手提袋,手帕,毛巾,襪子。

3. mg27型钳表电气图

一般来说，只要环境温度不高，外环温是按照外环温 干/湿球35℃/24 内环温 干/湿球 27/19 标定，如果接近这个温度，就按照额定电流，如果比较高很多，就把电流定的高点，不过这个通过电流加，有个时间延后的问题，至少2-3分钟滞后，仅供参考。

用压力表比较好。

4. mg26钳形表电路图

把表设定在电流合适档，压开使通电导线经过前面圆孔，合拢，读表上读数就行

钳形表实际上就是一个电流互感器，卡住的电线就相当于互感器一次线圈，当电线中有电流时，就会在表的铁芯中产生磁通，然后在表是二次线圈中感应出电流，这个电流就等于一次线圈中的电流（即电线中的电流）乘以一次线圈的匝数（实际上就是一根电线，所以是一匝）除以二次线圈的匝数，然后根据这个关系，就可以换算出一次（即电线）中的电流了。

钳形表（万用表）测交流电流要先把表上的设置档设在要测量的电流相应偏大的档位上; 。 再把要测的电源线(两条)中的任何一条置于钳形口之中，此时电源线中如有电流流经表面就会显示出对应的电流值。

1、不是用测试笔直接测量电流，它是用于万能表其他功能的。

2、如：估计要测的 电冰箱的电流在一两A的电流，把钳表的设置档打在5A档再进行测量;再如要测1500W的电热水器的电流约在8A左右，把设置档打在10A的位置，如果表没有10A档，就选最接近的(25A)档。

3、导线(单条)放在钳形口的里面(尽可能不贴边)便可。如果是指针式万用表，可以参考如下资料，一般机械表的用法基本上是一致的。

MF47型万用表的使用方法

一、MF47万用表基本功能

MF47型是设计新颖的磁电系整流式便携式多量程万用电表。可供侧量直流电流，交直流电压，直流电阻等，具有26个基本量程和电平，电容，电感，晶体管直流参数等7个附加参考量程。

二、刻度盘与档位盘

刻度盘与档位盘印制成红，绿，黑三色。表盘颜色分别按交流红色，晶体管绿色，其余黑色对应制成，使用时读数便捷。刻度盘共有六条刻度，第一条专供测电阻用;第二条供测交直流电压，直流电流之用;第三条供测晶体管放大倍数用;第四条供测量电容之用;第五条供测电感之用;第六条供测音频电平。刻度盘上装有反光镜，以消除视差。

除交直流2500V和直流5A分别有单独插座之外，其余各档只须转动一个选择开关，使用方便。

三、钳形表的使用方法

在使用前应检查指针是否指在机械零位上，如不指在零位时，可旋转表盖的调零器使指针指示在零位上。

将测试棒红黑插头分别插入"+" "-"插座中，如测量交流直流2500V或直流5A时，红插头则应分别插到标有2500或"5A"的插座中。

1，直流电流测量

测量0。05~500mA时，转动开关至所需电流档，测量5A时，转动开关可放在500mA直流电流量限上而后将测试棒串接于被测电路中。

2，交直流电压测量

测量交流10~1000V或直流0。25~1000V时，转动开关至所需电压档。测量交直流2500V时，开关应分别旋转至交流1000V或直流1000V 位置上，而后将测试棒跨接于被测电路两端。

3，直流电阻测量

装上电池(R14型2#1。5V及6F22型9V各一只)。转动开关至所需测量的电阻档，将测试棒二端短接，调整零欧姆调整旋钮，使指针对准欧姆"0"位上，(若不能指示欧姆零位，则说明电池电压不足，应更换电池)，然后将测试棒跨接于被测电路的两端进行测量。

准确测量电阻时，应选择合适的电阻档位，使指针尽量能够指向表刻度盘中间三分之一区域。

测量电路中的电阻时，应先切断电路电源，如电路中有电容应先行放电。

当检查电解电容器漏电电阻时，可转动开关到R×1K档，测试棒红杆必须接电容器负极，黑杆接电容器正极。

4，音频电平测量

在一定的负荷阻抗上，用以测量放大极的增益和线路输送的损耗，测量单位以分贝表示，音频电平与功率电压的关系式是：

NdB=10log10P2/P1 =20log10V2/V1

音频电平的刻度系数按0dB=1mW600Ω输送线标准设计。

即 V1=(PZ)1/2=(0.001*600)1/2=0.75V

P2V2分别为被测功率或被测电压，音频电平是以交流10V为基准刻度，如指示值大于+22 dB时可以在50V以上各量限测量，其示值可按下表所示值修正。

量限

按电平刻度增加值

电平的测量范围

10V

-10~+22 dB

50V

14 dB

+4~+36 dB

250V

28 dB

+18~+50 dB

500V

34 dB

+24~+56 dB

测量方法与交流电压基本相似，转动开关至相应的交流电压档，并使指针有较大的偏转。如被测电路中带有直流电压成份时，可在"+"插座中串接一个0。1μf的隔离电容器。

5，电容测量

转动开关至交流10V位置，被测量电容串接于任一测试棒，而后跨接于10V交流电压电路中进行测量。

6，电感测量

与电容测量方法相同。

7，晶体管直流参数的测量

1)，直流放大倍数hFE的测量

先转动开关至晶体管调节ADJ位置上，将红黑测试棒短接，调节欧姆电位器，使指针对准300 hFE刻度线上，然后转动开关到hFE位置，将要测的晶体管脚分别插入晶体管测试座的ebc管座内，指针偏转所示数值约为晶体管的直流放大倍数 值。N型晶体管应插入N型管孔内，P型晶体管应插入P型管孔内。

2)，反向截止电流Iceo，Icbo的测量

Iceo为集电极与发射极间的反向截止电流(基极开路)。Icbo为集电极与基极间的反向截止电流(发射极开路)转动开关Ω×1K档将测试棒二端短路，调节零欧姆上，(此时满度电流值约90uA)。分开测试棒，然后将欲测的晶体管插入管座内，此时指针的数值约为晶体管的反向截止电流值。指针指示的刻度值乘上1。2即为实际值。

当Iceo电流值大于90μA时可换用Ω×100档进行测量(此时满度电流值约为900μA)。

N型晶体管应插入N型管座，P型晶体管应插入P型管座。

3)，三极管管脚极性的辨别(将万用表置于Ω×1K档)

① 判定基极b。由于b到c──b 至e分别是二个PN结，它的反向电阻很大，而正向电阻很小。测试时可任意取晶体管一脚假定为基极。将红测试棒接"基极"， 黑测试棒分别去接触另二个管脚，如此时测得都是低阻值，则红测试棒所接触的管脚即为基极b，并且是P型管，(如用上法测得均为高阻值。则为N型管)。如测量时二个管脚的阻值差异很大，可另选一个管脚为假定基极，直至满足上述条件为止。

② 判定集电极c。对于PNP型三极管，当集电极接负电压，发射极接正电压时，电流放大倍数才比较大，而NPN型管则相反。测试时假定红测试棒接集电极c，黑测试棒接发射极e，记下其阻值，而后红黑测试棒交换测试，将测得的阻值与第一次阻值相比，阻值小的红测试棒接的是集电极c，黑的是发射极e，而且可判定是P型管(N型管则相反)。

4)，二极管极性判别

测试时选R×10K档，黑测试棒一端测得阻值小的一极为正极。

万用表在欧姆电路中，红测试棒为电池负极，黑的为电池正极。

注意，以上测试方法，一般都用R×100，R×1K档，如果用R×10K档，则因该档用15V的较高电压供电，可能将被测三极管的PN结击穿，若用R×1档测量，因电流过大(约90mA)，也可能损坏被测三极管。

5. 钳表mg27型电路图

1．制冰机故障现象：压缩机工作但不制冷。故障原因：制冷液泄漏或两通电磁阀损坏关闭不严。 

维修方法：检漏后补漏再加制冷液或更换电磁阀 

2．制冰机故障现象：压缩机一直工作能制冷，水泵也一直工作抽水，冰块不断变厚，但总不能自动进入脱冰程序掉冰。 

制冰机故障原因：测水温探头故障，使智能控制系统不能有效感知水温而工作，误判程序出错，或控制器故障。 

制冰机维修方法：用万用表测量水温探头的阻值（在水箱内水温在接近0℃度的时候，拔下控制盒内的三芯线，测试两边的两根线的阻值），如阻值在27K以上，则判断为控制器坏，应予以更换，如阻值低于27K,则须断开两根线中的任 

意一根，通过串接电阻的方式将阻值调整到27K到28K之间。 

3．制冰机机器进入脱冰程序（水泵停止工作，压缩机停止制冷）但冰块不脱落。故障原因：两通电磁阀损坏。 

维修方法：更换电磁阀体或外线圈。 

4.制冰机缺水灯亮但机器不自动进补水。故障原因：管道无水或进水电磁阀有故障阀门不开启。 

制冰机维修方法：检查管道进水情况，无水则开通水路后重新开机。进水电磁阀有故障则更换。 

5．制冰机压缩机有工作但水泵一直不工作（无流水）故障原因：水泵损坏或水泵内部结垢堵塞。

6. mg28钳形万用表使用说明书

编程是编定程序的中文简称，就是让计算机代码解决某个问题，对某个计算体系规定一定的运算方式，使计算体系按照该计算方式运行，并最终得到相应结果的过程。编程能提高逻辑思维能力，加强计算能力。

编程语言

Python

Python是一种面向对象有着代码简洁、可读性强特点的解释型计算机程序设计语言。代码简洁是因为它把许多的复杂的操作封装起来，将C语言中麻烦的指针和内存管理对开发者隐藏起来，使得在开发过程中，无须在意这部分的细节。另外Python这门语言强制用户用缩进进行排版，若不好好排版，则代码编译无法通过，或者运行过程会出现错误。

C语言

C语言是一门面向过程的、抽象化的广泛应用于底层开发的通用程序设计语言，能以简易的方式编译和处理低级存储器。C语言既具有高级语言的特点，又具有汇编语言的特点，是仅产生少量机器语言以及不需要任何运行环境支持便能运行的高效率程序设计语言。

是有简洁的语言、具有结构化的控制语句、丰富的数据类型、丰富的运算符、可对物理地址进行直接操作、代码具有较好的可移植性、可生成高质量、目标代码执行效率高的程序。

Java

Java通过面向作为静态对象的编程语言的代表，可以充分的实现面向的对象理论的编程语言，有简单性、功能强大、分布式、健壮性、安全性、平台独立与可移植性、多线程及动态性的特点。

Java支持在网络上应用，Java既支持各种层次的网络连接，又以Socket类支持可靠的流（stream）网络连接，它是分布式语言。所以用户可以产生分布式的客户机和服务器。网络变成软件应用的分布运载工具。Java程序只要编写一次，就可到处运行。

PHP

PHP是一种被广泛应用的开放源代码的多用途脚本语言，它可嵌入到 HTML中，尤其适合 web 开发。

使用 PHP 的最大的好处是它对于初学者来说极其简单，同时也给专业的程序员提供了各种高级的特性，只需几个小时就可以自己写一些简单的脚本。尽管 PHP 的开发是以服务端脚本为目的，但事实上其功能远不局限于此。

GO

Go语言（又称 Golang）是一种静态强类型、编译型语言，是一个开源编程环境，可以轻松构建简单、可靠和高效的软件。Go 语言语法与 C 相近，但功能上有：内存安全，GC（垃圾回收），结构形态及 CSP-style 并发计算。Go 内嵌了关联数组（也称为哈希表（Hashes）或字典（Dictionaries）），就像字符串类型一样。

对比

python和c语言的区别主要体现在：语言类型、内存管理、速度、应用、运行、对象、声明、测试和调试难度、复杂度、学习程度。 测试和调试难度不同：Python相对其他语言而言是非常简单的语言，高度集成，代码量少。Python中的测试和调试更容易；C中测试和调试更难。 学习难度不同：Python：Python程序更易于学习，编写和阅读；C语言：C程序语法比Python更难。

python 跟 java 一样是强类型语言，也就是说它不会根据环境变化自动改变数据类型。python 是动态语言，而 java 是静态语言。也就是说 python 在编程时，永远不用给任何变量指定数据类型，而 java 写程序时必须声明所有变量的数据类型。

python 的模块类似于 java 的 class，不过python模块导入会执行 代码的内容，而 java 不会。python 与 java 的执行方式还是蛮像的，都是将源码编译成 byte code 然后交给相应的虚拟机去执行。

Python的框架数量较少，而PHP中成熟的框架比较多；PHP是面向web的语言，而Python是多用途语言，也可以用于web开发；Python使用非常严格的缩进强制执行，使它比PHP更具可读性。

学习思路

认识编程

编程语言（programming language）又称程序设计语言，是一组用特定语言编写的用于执行特定任务的指令。主要用于开发桌面应用、操作系统、网站、移动应用等。

低级编程语言

它基于二进制数 0 和 1 工作，处理器直接运行低级程序，不需要编译器或解释器，因此用低级语言编写的程序可以运行得非常快。

低级语言进一步分为两部分

机器语言

机器语言也称为机器代码或目标代码，更容易阅读，因为它通常以二进制或十六进制形式（基数 16）形式显示。

它不需要翻译器来转换程序，因为计算机直接理解机器语言程序。

汇编语言

汇编语言是为特定处理器设计的，它以象征性和人类可理解的形式表示一组指令。它使用汇编程序将汇编语言转换为机器语言。

中级编程语言

中级编程语言介于低级编程语言和高级编程语言之间。

它也被称为中间程序语言和伪语言。

中级编程语言的优点是支持高级编程的特性，是一种用户友好的语言，与机器语言和人类语言密切相关。

例如：C、C++

高级编程语言

高级编程语言 (HLL) 旨在开发用户友好的软件程序和网站。

这种编程语言需要编译器或解释器将程序翻译成机器语言（执行程序）。

示例：Python、Java、JavaScript、PHP、C#、C++ 等。

编程实践

学习编程语言的过程简单描述为：过、抄、仿、改、调、看、练、创、悟。

过

基础知识点不求深解，语言什么样的，适用场合、基本语法格式

抄代码

从书上抄、例子中抄、边抄边想边想边回忆语法

模仿改

仿照给出的代码写出自己的代码

勤调试

不断调试验证自己想法，继续思考，再次验证。熟悉调试工具调试方法

看n遍

出错或者遇到问题时，将代码从头到尾看n遍直到快记住，找出问题原因

练

2-5步三遍以上

创新

拿出一个没有写过的根据要求，一步一步写出来，写不出来参考6

悟

主动找到写代码的感觉和成就感，保持下去。

选择大于努力，只有切入一个适合自己的开发方向，才能持续进步。关于开发方向，我有以下两个选择标准。

兴趣

学习编程是一个非常枯燥的过程，内容多，时间长，成本高，即使报名了培训班也学不会，所以，我们首先要选择自己感兴趣的一个开发方向，这样不但能快速学习，以后还能持续进步。学习编程的过程是比较艰苦的，没有兴趣很难硬抗下来，此处的兴趣，是指别人无法撼动的热爱，是工作之余让你放松的事情。如果你只是有过某种想法，别人告诉你这个想法不靠谱，你就放弃了，这顶多是一时的鸡血。

学习方式

费曼学习法

在学完一个东西之后去给别人讲明白，注意是讲给别人听，当你写成文章发表在网上的时候，你自然会去用更通俗的语言，更清晰的逻辑去讲述这个事物背后的逻辑。这个过程是对自己学习的一个检验，也是加深映像整理思路的重要过程。

那么如果你是去记笔记的话，很有可能你会倾向于去照抄，或是不完全照抄，以“提纲”或是“知识点”的形式抄在本子上。说句实话，照抄的笔记真的没用，因为现在搜索引擎的能力已经可以让你把大多数东西快速找到，你为什么还要照抄到笔记本上呢？

从功利的角度考虑，技术文章的写作，别人可以直接访问，也可以逐渐累积你的影响力，一个好的个人技术博客，会给你的简历加分很多，而一个厚厚的笔记本，没有人会管你记了什么。

做好笔记

大多数人没有过目不忘的神技，学了也不一定马上掌握，需要过后花时间慢慢领悟，而且还有忘掉的风险，所以对于重要的知识点都要做好笔记。编程的过程中总会遇到各种各样的问题，比如编程环境的配置，常用的快捷键，编程过程中的错误、异常，软件更新问题等等。面对这些问题都是如何解决的，一定要记录下来，一是增加自己解决问题的经验，而是以防下次出现。

多看官方文档

外文资料互联网是一个更新迭代很快的行业，所有编程语言都会不断的更新新功能和修复旧Bug，网上查的资料很有可能是旧的解决方案，现在已经不适用了。所以最好最快的方法就是查看官方文档。

进入行业圈子

只有进入行业圈子与其他人交流，你才了解最新的行业动态，才知道自己需要更新哪些技能。

动手做项目

学习编程的最终目的就是用所学的做出具有一定功能的项目，而做项目又是最好的学习和巩固知识的方式。如果前期能力不足就先做一些简单的功能模块，一步一步慢慢来，不要一开始就要实现各种酷炫炸天功能，遇到不会的就在网上查， 现在互联网这么发达，获取资源也及其方便。而且开发前也最好在网上查一下有没有已经成型的框架或模板，什么都自己做一是很耗费时间，二是自己技术能力不足还可能留下不少坑。

学习Python

安装编程环境

第一步：访问Python官网，获取最新安装程序。

第二步：运行下载的安装程序，注意勾选“Add Python3.7 to PATH”,然后选择个性化安装，即“Customize installation”。

第三步：确保“pip”被勾选上，之后安装各种库需要用到pip。

第四步：高级选项，需要的可以修改安装目录，通常没有需要修改的，直接点“Install”。

第五步：等待程序自动安装完成。

第六步：出现如下界面，说明安装已完成。

第七步：验证方法，Windows+R 键打开“运行”窗口，输入cmd运行，进入命令提示窗口，再输入python，进入Python的命令模式，输入 print("Hello")，结果输出了 Hello，如下图所示，确定开发环境已安装完成。

运行环境

Hello World!

命令行

在Linux命令行输入：$python

将直接进入python。然后在命令行提示符>>>后面输入：>>>print('Hello World!')

可以看到，随后在屏幕上输出:

Hello World!

print是一个常用函数，其功能就是输出括号中得字符串。

（在Python 2.x中，print还可以是一个关键字，可写成print 'Hello World!'，但这在3.x中行不通 ）

小程序

另一个使用Python的方法，是写一个Python程序。用文本编辑器写一个.py结尾的文件，比如说hello.py

在hello.py中写入如下，并保存：print('Hello World!')

退出文本编辑器，然后在命令行输入：$python hello.py

来运行hello.py。可以看到Python随后输出Hello World!

脚本

我们还可以把Python程序hello.py改成一个可执行的脚本，直接执行：#!/usr/bin/env python

print('Hello World!')

需要修改上面程序的权限为可执行：chmod 755 hello.py

然后再命令行中，输入./hello.py

就可以直接运行了。

基本数据类型

变量不声明

Python的变量不需要声明，你可以直接输入：>>>a = 10

那么你的内存里就有了一个变量a， 它的值是10，它的类型是integer (整数)。 在此之前你不需要做什么特别的声明，而数据类型是Python自动决定的。

>>>print(a)

>>>print(type(a))

那么会有如下输出：

10

这里，我们学到一个内置函数type()，用以查询变量的类型。

回收变量名

如果你想让a存储不同的数据，你不需要删除原有变量就可以直接赋值。

>>>a = 1.3

>>>print(a,type(a))

会有如下输出

1.3

序列

sequence（序列）是一组有顺序的元素的集合，（严格的说，是对象的集合，但鉴于我们还没有引入“对象”概念，暂时说元素）序列可以包含一个或多个元素，也可以没有任何元素。

我们之前所说的基本数据类型，都可以作为序列的元素。元素还可以是另一个序列，以及我们以后要介绍的其他对象。

序列有两种：tuple（定值表； 也有翻译为元组） 和 list (表)

>>>s1 = (2, 1.3, 'love', 5.6, 9, 12, False) # s1是一个tuple

>>>s2 = [True, 5, 'smile'] # s2是一个list

>>>print(s1,type(s1))

>>>print(s2,type(s2))

tuple和list的主要区别在于，一旦建立，tuple的各个元素不可再变更，而list的各个元素可以再变更。

一个序列作为另一个序列的元素

>>>s3 = [1,[3,4,5]]

空序列

>>>s4 = []

自学

网站

菜鸟网站

这个python教程很适合小白学习，没有高深的原理，照着教程学就完事了。

菜鸟教程是一个提供免费编程学习的网站，里面不但能学到编程知识，还能运用在线编程工具，使你在学习的过程中得到发挥，实践得真理，边学边做中让基础打得更稳，让自己的知识更加稳固。在自己有不明白不理解的地方可以在网站的用户笔记中寻找大佬们的笔记，把自己所学和技术大佬的经验所融合，使自己更好地提升自己的能力。

菜鸟教程内容丰富，例如前端热门语言HTML5、CSS3、JavaScript、Vue等它该有的都有，都会从最基础的开始教，让刚学编程的小白由浅及深，一看就懂。每个知识点都有实例可以动手，直接在页面内做你想要的效果真的非常棒。菜鸟的排版简洁清晰有序，内容一针见血，让你一看就能明白其知识点的含义。

菜鸟教程不仅前端教程语言丰富，后端的Java、PHP、Python更是一应俱全，当然数据库、移动端、XML、ASP.NET、Web Service、开发工具和网站建设也是应有尽有，菜鸟教程有学到的知识如此之多，奋斗吧少年。

廖雪峰的官方网站

廖雪峰的官方网站比较推荐新手程序员学习前端，这个网站的教学视频的讲解相对来说会比较生动，没有其他教程那么死板，看起来也不至于那么犯困，也更便于新手去理解。总的来说，廖雪峰的官方网站作为一款启蒙类的前端学习网站还是相当不错的。

Python官方教程

这是Python官方出品的教程，可搭配Python标准库一起学。

书籍

《Python编程从入门到实践（第2版）》

作者：埃里克·马瑟斯 （EricMatthes）袁国忠 译

ISBN：9787115546081

出版：人民邮电出版社

本书是针对所有层次Python读者而作的Python门书。全书分两部分：部分介绍用Python编程所必须了解的基本概念，包括强大的Python库和工具，以及列表、字典、if语句、类、文件与异常、代码测试等内容；第二部分将理论付诸实践，讲解如何发三个项目，包括简单的2D游戏、利用数据生成交互式的信息图以及创建和定制简单的Web应用，并帮助读者解决常见编程问题和困惑。

《像计算机科学家一样学Python》

ISBN：9787115425515

作者：艾伦 B. 唐尼（Allen B. Downey）

出版：人民邮电出版社

本书以培养读者以计算机科学家一样的思维方式来理解Python语言编程。贯穿全书的主体是如何思考、设计、发的方法，而具体的编程语言，只是提供了一个具体场景方便介绍的媒介。全书共21章，详细介绍Python语言编程的方方面面。本书从基本的编程概念始讲起，包括语言的语法和语义，而且每个编程概念都有清晰的定义，引领读者循序渐地学习变量、表达式、语句、函数和数据结构。书中还探讨了如何处理文件和数据库，如何理解对象、方法和面向对象编程，如何使用调试技巧来修正语法错误、运行时错误和语义错误。

《计算机科学丛书：Java编程思想》

ISBN：9787111213826

作者：[美] Bruce Eckel

出版：机械工业出版社

本书的作者拥有多年教学经验，对C、C++以及Java语言都有独到、深入的见解，以通俗易懂及小而直接的示例解释了一个个晦涩抽象的概念。本书共22章，包括操作符、控制执行流程、访问权限控制、复用类、多态、接口、通过异常处理错误、字符串、泛型、数组、容器深入研究、JavaI/O系统、枚举类型、并发以及图形化用户界面等内容。这些丰富的内容，包含了Java语言基础语法以及高级特性，适合各个层次的Java程序员阅读，同时也是高等院校讲授面向对象程序设计语言以及Java语言的好教材和参考书。

《疯狂Java讲义》

ISBN：9787121361586

作者：李刚

出版：电子工业出版社

《疯狂Java讲义（第4版）》深入介绍了Java编程的相关方面，《疯狂Java讲义（第4版）》内容覆盖了Java的基本语法结构、Java的面向对象特征、Java集合框架体系、Java泛型、异常处理、Java GUI编程、JDBC数据库编程、Java注释、Java的IO流体系、Java多线程编程、Java网络通信编程和Java反射机制。覆盖了java.lang、java.util、java.text、java.io和java.nio、java.sql、java.awt、javax.swing包下绝大部分类和接口。本书重点介绍了Java 9的模块化系统，还详细介绍了Java 9的jshell工具、多版本JAR包、匿名内部类的菱形语法、增强的try语句、私有接口方法，以及Java 9新增的各种API功能。

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","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SeiEdQ4GAoc8Koxm6Oucd3MonOb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":701,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"Python","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ed9e64e560c1468b9bd3cfb3dd8723fe","width":1563},"text":"","id":"DSA6demiCo8YmgxGYDmcdbmenQf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"C语言","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RKKodkW2Wo0muoxaYdScS9gDnse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"C语言是一门面向过程的、抽象化的广泛应用于底层开发的通用程序设计语言，能以简易的方式编译和处理低级存储器。C语言既具有高级语言的特点，又具有汇编语言的特点，是仅产生少量机器语言以及不需要任何运行环境支持便能运行的高效率程序设计语言。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WkgAdki6koYcsSxzF93csMeynCk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是有简洁的语言、具有结构化的控制语句、丰富的数据类型、丰富的运算符、可对物理地址进行直接操作、代码具有较好的可移植性、可生成高质量、目标代码执行效率高的程序。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FkCQdiCsmo40iqxg7ujcPBy9nHe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":806,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"C语言","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/31a836795dbf43b38e94d71dcb3863b2","width":1603},"text":"","id":"ME8ad6QuAoiWo2xe8zCc3gXrnog"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"Java","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FWK8d2GSUoMME2xUxHzc8kMYnQR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Java通过面向作为静态对象的编程语言的代表，可以充分的实现面向的对象理论的编程语言，有简单性、功能强大、分布式、健壮性、安全性、平台独立与可移植性、多线程及动态性的特点。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TeIod6souoE4EkxgjEfcOZkLnoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Java支持在网络上应用，Java既支持各种层次的网络连接，又以Socket类支持可靠的流（stream）网络连接，它是分布式语言。所以用户可以产生分布式的客户机和服务器。网络变成软件应用的分布运载工具。Java程序只要编写一次，就可到处运行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Te4udsisCoK44gxMpuPcDy11nfd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":839,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"Java","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/162bb494b0c840b4b9cbc2cb7ea55ebe","width":1893},"text":"","id":"SUW6d0aw2oskC4x2FMSc3WhNnRg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"PHP","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ic6kdo08aoY4GuxeY6Qc3Z8nnNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"PHP是一种被广泛应用的开放源代码的多用途脚本语言，它可嵌入到 HTML中，尤其适合 web 开发。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IwQ8dKQCeoGAmixqM7BcXdgUnAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用 PHP 的最大的好处是它对于初学者来说极其简单，同时也给专业的程序员提供了各种高级的特性，只需几个小时就可以自己写一些简单的脚本。尽管 PHP 的开发是以服务端脚本为目的，但事实上其功能远不局限于此。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DW0Odakc6ouW6Kxu6kPcdPF3nZd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":648,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"PHP","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/41c0f9ee516a48e4a472df388700935a","width":1828},"text":"","id":"Naq2duscgogQ2oxYjg2cosy1nEe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"GO","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CwWwdCYeAoMuMuxCiNpcqJKpnRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Go语言（又称 Golang）是一种静态强类型、编译型语言，是一个开源编程环境，可以轻松构建简单、可靠和高效的软件。Go 语言语法与 C 相近，但功能上有：内存安全，GC（垃圾回收），结构形态及 CSP-style 并发计算。Go 内嵌了关联数组（也称为哈希表（Hashes）或字典（Dictionaries）），就像字符串类型一样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SIY6dO8ecoGoOOxmUVPcViIAnxb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":772,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"GO","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a79e7992c6864955a7c9aa344252485d","width":1522},"text":"","id":"GuiUdc6UCoKUWGxaCogc2jcrnFe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"对比","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EGqmdKMsGogUeexukQ5cA2wTnQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"python和c语言的区别主要体现在：语言类型、内存管理、速度、应用、运行、对象、声明、测试和调试难度、复杂度、学习程度。 测试和调试难度不同：Python相对其他语言而言是非常简单的语言，高度集成，代码量少。Python中的测试和调试更容易；C中测试和调试更难。 学习难度不同：Python：Python程序更易于学习，编写和阅读；C语言：C程序语法比Python更难。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HEyKduA4Iow6Kwx8ZiCcPQaVnHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"python 跟 java 一样是强类型语言，也就是说它不会根据环境变化自动改变数据类型。python 是动态语言，而 java 是静态语言。也就是说 python 在编程时，永远不用给任何变量指定数据类型，而 java 写程序时必须声明所有变量的数据类型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I6yAdOUQqoQSIYxs7XVcPwlSnMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"python 的模块类似于 java 的 class，不过python模块导入会执行 代码的内容，而 java 不会。python 与 java 的执行方式还是蛮像的，都是将源码编译成 byte code 然后交给相应的虚拟机去执行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VmgOds4Ceoi0KoxGa8nc0GLDneb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Python的框架数量较少，而PHP中成熟的框架比较多；PHP是面向web的语言，而Python是多用途语言，也可以用于web开发；Python使用非常严格的缩进强制执行，使它比PHP更具可读性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MW22d02SsoU2oYxesy1cIEfsnYb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SA4kdwiSIoMW42xCGzDcMMyXnfe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习思路","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ECkydGqiIoEmKoxQzshckC4rncd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"认识编程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IkSQdA02Ko64KKxoHAGc6cEwnIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"编程语言（programming language）又称程序设计语言，是一组用特定语言编写的用于执行特定任务的指令。主要用于开发桌面应用、操作系统、网站、移动应用等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HM2udQ0giowuekxoV1kchShynhc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"低级编程语言","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CkEQdgiGooaKGaxesABch5T1nlh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它基于二进制数 0 和 1 工作，处理器直接运行低级程序，不需要编译器或解释器，因此用低级语言编写的程序可以运行得非常快。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UgoMde6QIou8yAxambScEu1vnOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"低级语言进一步分为两部分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ASy6dMoGooWsKaxeCDAcTUajnde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"机器语言","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z8MKdYOOmoucO0xai2uc1TUKnTd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"机器语言也称为机器代码或目标代码，更容易阅读，因为它通常以二进制或十六进制形式（基数 16）形式显示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RIgMdsykeoaykIxawjVcRE7HnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它不需要翻译器来转换程序，因为计算机直接理解机器语言程序。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LMsSdcWGsooA00xgzJUcR80Inuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":" 汇编语言","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xi0gdKkgGo0oKYxE0vacrHAtngb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"汇编语言是为特定处理器设计的，它以象征性和人类可理解的形式表示一组指令。它使用汇编程序将汇编语言转换为机器语言。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GYOQdMKQuoGkoExyYdkcuU2anIf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中级编程语言","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RGmIdsSwmoY8A2x89NUcdbWbnjg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中级编程语言介于低级编程语言和高级编程语言之间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q822d2sssoQQGYxAzK6c9GqFnbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它也被称为中间程序语言和伪语言。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BuG2d8s6AoiIWCxGQt1cGdbgneg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中级编程语言的优点是支持高级编程的特性，是一种用户友好的语言，与机器语言和人类语言密切相关。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FIg6dMMGaoYSu0xSyhpcKu46nPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"例如：C、C++","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LK8sduKWaoa0oUxQXspcudVbnid"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"高级编程语言","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FaYsdG0KqoOGW6xa4u0c0UQVn9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"高级编程语言 (HLL) 旨在开发用户友好的软件程序和网站。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Rsi4dE64WoykEkxzYAIcCNc8nbH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这种编程语言需要编译器或解释器将程序翻译成机器语言（执行程序）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IOqmdGCEcoeC2wxXJElc68FsnvL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"示例：Python、Java、JavaScript、PHP、C#、C++ 等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CgagdYoyyoQMCwxJ65zcUJF6ntC"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"编程实践","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KGCQdQuyyoIu8Cx8DxYcWwFGnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学习编程语言的过程简单描述为：过、抄、仿、改、调、看、练、创、悟。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JUUOdqi2Ko6mSix0qMBcv94pnAb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"过","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HqSsduwsUoqSamxyGKWcWlLqnDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"基础知识点不求深解，语言什么样的，适用场合、基本语法格式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XO0mdIAcMoOisgxuAb6cTIvHn9I"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"抄代码","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZwqWdC2AioWsWGxNBikcRf0unBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从书上抄、例子中抄、边抄边想边想边回忆语法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XQWmdmoMcoQ82axuI6Lcjb6knDe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"模仿改","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WOc0dUWuAogWYAx8vZycJ1OYnfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"仿照给出的代码写出自己的代码","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Iokkd0EewoMSMuxqCAKch8tRnZf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"勤调试","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CCIsd2secoIAiOxUXGhcQ55Mncc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不断调试验证自己想法，继续思考，再次验证。熟悉调试工具调试方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Sg8CdMOy8oMyysxC0jyc1mzunff"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"看n遍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UW4Id0cOooa6EAxIro7c3bT5nle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"出错或者遇到问题时，将代码从头到尾看n遍直到快记住，找出问题原因","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ROsUdMEyQoewGUxB0JWcntn7nh6"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ag2EdIGQQowSOOxRfD2cRMnOnNl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2-5步三遍以上","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D8eod4eqmoEUcQx0XNVcgNE9n7Z"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"创新","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JqU2damiUoQm4CxUSSDcpg16nAn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拿出一个没有写过的根据要求，一步一步写出来，写不出来参考6","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DIeidUEkooIGGWxmAUQcWltanhh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"悟","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V4ikdSQY4oacQWxQ3RocOJTbnQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主动找到写代码的感觉和成就感，保持下去。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZOCqd80k8oi8GgxkFcUcGuxan6b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择大于努力，只有切入一个适合自己的开发方向，才能持续进步。关于开发方向，我有以下两个选择标准。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R620d6Qwko6O4gxeS37cRQxjnwd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":" 兴趣","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WCkGd64Gwo6UcqxoV8Icg1G8nCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习编程是一个非常枯燥的过程，内容多，时间长，成本高，即使报名了培训班也学不会，所以，我们首先要选择自己感兴趣的一个开发方向，这样不但能快速学习，以后还能持续进步。学习编程的过程是比较艰苦的，没有兴趣很难硬抗下来，此处的兴趣，是指别人无法撼动的热爱，是工作之余让你放松的事情。如果你只是有过某种想法，别人告诉你这个想法不靠谱，你就放弃了，这顶多是一时的鸡血。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BgqEdSkuMoqmqExFM9Dc7lBYnmk"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习方式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FG6OdgEWAosIcexYLUecc900nLd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"费曼学习法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FOYAdYUk6oEk4gx7u0ycaoPsnEy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在学完一个东西之后去给别人讲明白，注意是讲给别人听，当你写成文章发表在网上的时候，你自然会去用更通俗的语言，更清晰的逻辑去讲述这个事物背后的逻辑。这个过程是对自己学习的一个检验，也是加深映像整理思路的重要过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EyYWdScu2o0ca2xIRdgcR5k2nnd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"那么如果你是去记笔记的话，很有可能你会倾向于去照抄，或是不完全照抄，以“提纲”或是“知识点”的形式抄在本子上。说句实话，照抄的笔记真的没用，因为现在搜索引擎的能力已经可以让你把大多数东西快速找到，你为什么还要照抄到笔记本上呢？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HSu4dusiqoIcCcxCOhTccQL5n3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从功利的角度考虑，技术文章的写作，别人可以直接访问，也可以逐渐累积你的影响力，一个好的个人技术博客，会给你的简历加分很多，而一个厚厚的笔记本，没有人会管你记了什么。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SOUSdQWIoo6OMYxIldZcuIU9nKh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"做好笔记","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SUoEdyCk0oOa2Ux2lGlcxcJKnXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大多数人没有过目不忘的神技，学了也不一定马上掌握，需要过后花时间慢慢领悟，而且还有忘掉的风险，所以对于重要的知识点都要做好笔记。编程的过程中总会遇到各种各样的问题，比如编程环境的配置，常用的快捷键，编程过程中的错误、异常，软件更新问题等等。面对这些问题都是如何解决的，一定要记录下来，一是增加自己解决问题的经验，而是以防下次出现。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OGGwdgoU0oca0gxamqlcZ7HVnCf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"多看官方文档","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HqyKdYYu8oU6QCxKmzicQi2qnxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"外文资料互联网是一个更新迭代很快的行业，所有编程语言都会不断的更新新功能和修复旧Bug，网上查的资料很有可能是旧的解决方案，现在已经不适用了。所以最好最快的方法就是查看官方文档。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FGkAdKUGioyu6OxiQ7pcForVnXc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"进入行业圈子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OEwIdSQ4EoK0U8xHbsJcVXchnCw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"只有进入行业圈子与其他人交流，你才了解最新的行业动态，才知道自己需要更新哪些技能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XqkadOImEoakm4xCGrscdtHOnrg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"动手做项目","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SMIQdeS4Qo60gKxSE1qcpjf9n1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习编程的最终目的就是用所学的做出具有一定功能的项目，而做项目又是最好的学习和巩固知识的方式。如果前期能力不足就先做一些简单的功能模块，一步一步慢慢来，不要一开始就要实现各种酷炫炸天功能，遇到不会的就在网上查， 现在互联网这么发达，获取资源也及其方便。而且开发前也最好在网上查一下有没有已经成型的框架或模板，什么都自己做一是很耗费时间，二是自己技术能力不足还可能留下不少坑。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E8SSdsQksoOykkxq8qhc2D9UnPh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习Python","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Noeodu46Eoyg4Oxcz2Lcvsh6nWf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"安装编程环境","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ucwad8wU0omK2YxUmNnc76Pjneb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：访问Python官网，获取最新安装程序。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CIWwdiUucoGM4Axe1XscufX4npb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":253,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安装编程环境","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d7e9f537cd7147f1881697a6f116c40e","width":500},"text":"","id":"ZAUEdiiUoockeYx4FwFcKNmVnsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"第二步：运行下载的安装程序，注意勾选“Add Python3.7 to PATH”,然后选择个性化安装，即“Customize installation”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DikMdkUMeoIIwOxEFNjcgKC8nfb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":308,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安装编程环境","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9ff4f5aa4a7a4d95926ec7846e7f3b3a","width":500},"text":"","id":"VeISdQwCcogI8yxKqjrcxkXBnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"第三步：确保“pip”被勾选上，之后安装各种库需要用到pip。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JakkdcOG8omkoCxUt62cPMoinKb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":308,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安装编程环境","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/97f4801a1ea04dda955a1ddc02c885ec","width":500},"text":"","id":"HQUGdykoMoSUmGxymgjcOwounzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"第四步：高级选项，需要的可以修改安装目录，通常没有需要修改的，直接点“Install”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U8gUdO22So4GWMxk5AAcYxhgnwd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":308,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安装编程环境","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/00ce740fe3ff4759bec555cc277791f1","width":500},"text":"","id":"IGQwdQag4oi06uxWuyacQYQAnwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"第五步：等待程序自动安装完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZqiadCqiEoWewYx0AC8cBcnTneh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":308,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安装编程环境","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e52c2d8139a94fb48b58a938efc5ef2e","width":500},"text":"","id":"EmCWd0sMaoowOIxuA2lctZeXn8e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"第六步：出现如下界面，说明安装已完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CSiudKqaqomAkcx2B6tcVnpGnPd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":308,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安装编程环境","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bbc76407b3fb40a49d6be79a18364fbd","width":500},"text":"","id":"UiCYdig0KoeIUWx049tcMB6bn6f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"第七步：验证方法，Windows+R 键打开“运行”窗口，输入cmd运行，进入命令提示窗口，再输入python，进入Python的命令模式，输入 print(\"Hello\")，结果输出了 Hello，如下图所示，确定开发环境已安装完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Lmoede4cuoEwQKxmabGcMLaXnXf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":261,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安装编程环境","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d660bc84d3904f528d8905f932029592","width":500},"text":"","id":"MsIgduUaEosaG6xSunHcnIm8nvf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"运行环境","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Lqiwde2SYoKEoOxquyEcgRRLnLd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"Hello World!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IIgSdccwkoeaG8xmadlcUw6Bnbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"命令行","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JAaKdcMMUoSaKcxW4c1ccXeGnPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在Linux命令行输入：$python","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ac0Udg8sKoo64WxKUEpcVHc9ngc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将直接进入python。然后在命令行提示符\u003e\u003e\u003e后面输入：\u003e\u003e\u003eprint('Hello World!')","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C6OwdcCKao0kG8x4u6bchmSwn9e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以看到，随后在屏幕上输出:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HMyIdGao0omCcMxyu1Kc9DyFnQJ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Hello World!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HCWydoCIKo02yMxOy7GcZ1MBnkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"print是一个常用函数，其功能就是输出括号中得字符串。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K4gYdSoiuo00icxAHmpc1eimnGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（在Python 2.x中，print还可以是一个关键字，可写成print 'Hello World!'，但这在3.x中行不通 ）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BQACduGE6oCgSOx2fvYcEcbPn4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"小程序","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NGqsdeUKwoewYQx3zgdcf4Q4nsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另一个使用Python的方法，是写一个Python程序。用文本编辑器写一个.py结尾的文件，比如说hello.py","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LkWEdeSkSosWMexWc7PcjpdvnJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在hello.py中写入如下，并保存：print('Hello World!')","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JgOsdAKe4ogmyExYHgLcTmQunyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"退出文本编辑器，然后在命令行输入：$python hello.py","id":""}],"text":"","id":"So08dE2imoYYQCxQ2QFcO82cnJL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"来运行hello.py。可以看到Python随后输出Hello World!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AIKCdsmeYoCwwUx0su3cHkHqnvb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"脚本","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZsEMdwYWcoQOsQxSSv6cYylLn5e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们还可以把Python程序hello.py改成一个可执行的脚本，直接执行：#!/usr/bin/env python","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LqUgd8CeQoCIeux81qFc7h69nHE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"print('Hello World!')","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ASc8d6YmkoASeOxcNArcGC3Anbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"需要修改上面程序的权限为可执行：chmod 755 hello.py","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SY4Sd2aEMoy8E2x8moScAd5Gnbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后再命令行中，输入./hello.py","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KcuSdKiEGomYGmxcxZ9cfAzwn9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"就可以直接运行了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WoeudWqOAosyosx8vdLcVyTQnre"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基本数据类型","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PCwKdMoS2oKi4gxFAqZctL2XnJp"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"变量不声明","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HsuQdOC6kosCkax4ML4cAJ8Dnje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Python的变量不需要声明，你可以直接输入：\u003e\u003e\u003ea = 10","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SoA0dk2IKogMgOxewwVc4LkKnMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"那么你的内存里就有了一个变量a， 它的值是10，它的类型是integer (整数)。 在此之前你不需要做什么特别的声明，而数据类型是Python自动决定的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KuuidCs4SooqGex6ZITcthxHnHc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003eprint(a)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VUaadIGOqoYYS4xwFOLcR1CVnEh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003eprint(type(a))","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K2uYdIgSwoIaKexCWFvc3GZnnIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"那么会有如下输出：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYCKdqwy4oWG6Ux2xQjcXvipnzV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FukWdMmaAoceg4xCaJ5c8ktfnuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003cclass 'int'\u003e","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Mo4IdywqgoqKI8xSBu7cFmLyndb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里，我们学到一个内置函数type()，用以查询变量的类型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C8yKdI8amoWwssxaEpQcGuK7nTf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"回收变量名","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LmgCdYeiuoIWgWxOon3c3P1Hncd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果你想让a存储不同的数据，你不需要删除原有变量就可以直接赋值。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J0C0dc8UWo4CESx4m4jceRTAn4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003ea = 1.3","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tme6dEUG8ogECYxMrZOcjBzCnfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003eprint(a,type(a))","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xo8mdWieio2ayqxYvCqcNNnKnac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"会有如下输出","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HEQgdWU6so2EW0x2pYGc8Up6nLf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.3 \u003cclass 'float'\u003e","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xe0Qd0YkEoWcUixQxzNcsc7BnQc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"序列","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K4sIdyYiaooeSKx0ENocBIlknzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"sequence（序列）是一组有顺序的元素的集合，（严格的说，是对象的集合，但鉴于我们还没有引入“对象”概念，暂时说元素）序列可以包含一个或多个元素，也可以没有任何元素。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NKG2d8UMAokU4mxs9Snc667DnQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们之前所说的基本数据类型，都可以作为序列的元素。元素还可以是另一个序列，以及我们以后要介绍的其他对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SIe2duU4WoQEuMxUTXrcAmmKn2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"序列有两种：tuple（定值表； 也有翻译为元组） 和 list (表)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RmMwdgGU4oqywAxIZbQcqQHjnNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003es1 = (2, 1.3, 'love', 5.6, 9, 12, False) # s1是一个tuple","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WOaCdYes4o2k8yxWsrqckvlxnDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003es2 = [True, 5, 'smile'] # s2是一个list","id":""}],"text":"","id":"De8ydgYi2o0ciixAjmgcINQnnzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003eprint(s1,type(s1))","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IMqQdWcKEogyGuxORI4cXDm9n5N"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003eprint(s2,type(s2))","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EY6idcQaooqaaGx0o8HcNZcmnHc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"tuple和list的主要区别在于，一旦建立，tuple的各个元素不可再变更，而list的各个元素可以再变更。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A8A0d4wsEoQM6gxy8wfczcPunJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一个序列作为另一个序列的元素","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BiqUdsI6Koks4gxyig4ckRhgnGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003es3 = [1,[3,4,5]]","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YoyEdOKywoYs8Ax4E1ic6uIan3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"空序列","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OWykdUkeWo4UOQxWiu3cKYkDnAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003es4 = 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Service、开发工具和网站建设也是应有尽有，菜鸟教程有学到的知识如此之多，奋斗吧少年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RggwdQ6uqoSiQWxI1ENck2ktnYe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":488,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜鸟网站","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0c743d37ea2c42ceb3eb6a0241dbcc4f","width":945},"text":"","id":"UY6IduOwuoAqQox2F2Gcplhsnbh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"廖雪峰的官方网站","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CwsqdmSY6os00wxdcNSctzmwnHH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"廖雪峰的官方网站比较推荐新手程序员学习前端，这个网站的教学视频的讲解相对来说会比较生动，没有其他教程那么死板，看起来也不至于那么犯困，也更便于新手去理解。总的来说，廖雪峰的官方网站作为一款启蒙类的前端学习网站还是相当不错的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SimcdEA4mo2QwExkXoAcSn0RnEh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":750,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"廖雪峰的官方网站","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/79eb1eb89f5d46abb9705b4b282661cc","width":1783},"text":"","id":"NWWwdMy2AoWIwgxI10pcF9jJnhh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"Python官方教程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M0cGdIGsSoAYA8xaOKYcPxMInuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这是Python官方出品的教程，可搭配Python标准库一起学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QCUKde0YCoe4aixMp6mc34NynAf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":810,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"Python官方教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/899866100e0041b4a6d4dc040af101df","width":1445},"text":"","id":"NQI2dc86io4EgwxgVEXcl1svnae"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书籍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZYEAdMaCaoY8mSxGJFecEcpannb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《Python编程从入门到实践（第2版）》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OKe4diK4goU4Swxg9Edc2CcjnQZ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"作者：埃里克·马瑟斯 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译","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PKQcdAAcGoUoC0xOqEocFhTCnlh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ISBN：9787115546081","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DyUWd4aUio4a60xu6ogcPj1Bn2d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"出版：人民邮电出版社","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Rs42dYymGoSIuUxWU7RctjUznMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本书是针对所有层次Python读者而作的Python门书。全书分两部分：部分介绍用Python编程所必须了解的基本概念，包括强大的Python库和工具，以及列表、字典、if语句、类、文件与异常、代码测试等内容；第二部分将理论付诸实践，讲解如何发三个项目，包括简单的2D游戏、利用数据生成交互式的信息图以及创建和定制简单的Web应用，并帮助读者解决常见编程问题和困惑。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HoQodykKqo8COCxqyqwccoimnKh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":619,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"书籍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cb788550d7344ed3836a9be467fee5d7","width":501},"text":"","id":"ZU6qdUUScoCUA4x46jtchHQIndf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《像计算机科学家一样学Python》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E28edua0koSygsxnyHBcIkeznGk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ISBN：9787115425515","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N44Udusiso2siQx61owcIo13n6d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"作者：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"艾伦","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" 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7. mg36钳形表电路图

四十二式太极拳吸收了陈、杨、吴、孙式太极拳动作，以杨式太极拳为基调，动作外形严格规范，气势舒展大方，劲力刚柔相济，速度匀速有变，形成了综合性的特点。

拳法教程详解

第一段

第一段以杨式动作为主，外形舒展大方，柔和缓慢。

一、起势

1、并脚站立：身体保持自然直立，两脚并拢；两手轻贴大腿侧，头颈端正，胸腹舒松，精神集中，呼吸自然，眼视前方。

2、左脚开立：左脚向左轻轻开步，与肩同宽，脚尖朝前；两手慢慢向前平举，与肩同高，与肩同宽，手心向下。

3、屈膝按掌：上体正直，两腿缓缓屈膝半蹲；两掌下按，落于腹前，掌膝相对。

学练要点：重心放在两腿之间，两臂下按和身体下蹲的动作要协调一致。屈膝要松腰、松胯，臀部不可凸出，两臂要沉肩垂肘，手指自然微屈。

（图1：起势）

二、右揽雀尾

1、丁步抱球：重心左移，身体右转，右脚外撇；右臂屈抬，手心向下，左手翻转向右划弧至右腹前，手心向上，两手相对如抱球状；重心右移，左脚收回右脚内侧；眼视右手。

2、弓步棚臂：上体左转，左脚上步，重心前移成左弓步；左手前棚，与肩同高，手心向内，右手下按，落于胯旁，手心向下，两臂微屈；眼视左臂。

3、丁步抱球：上体微左转，右脚收至左脚内侧；左手翻下右手翻上，两手成抱球；眼视左掌。

4、弓步搠臂：上体右转，右脚向右迈出一步，脚跟着地，重心前移成右弓步；右臂前搠与肩同高，左臂下按，落于左胯旁；眼视右臂。

5、两掌前伸：右掌前伸，掌心向下，左掌同时翻转前送。

6、后坐下捋：重心后移；两掌向下后捋至腹前。

7、转体搭手：右臂屈肘横于胸前，掌心向内，左臂搭于右腕内侧，掌心向外。

8、弓步前挤：重心前移成右弓步；两手同时向前挤出，两臂撑圆；眼视前方。

9、扣脚旋掌：重心左移，上体右转，右脚上翘；右臂屈肘平划弧至右肩前，左手随右腕划弧。

10、丁步按掌：右脚内扣落地，上体微右转，重心右移，左脚收回，脚尖着地成丁步；右掌向右立掌按出，掌心向外，左掌附于右腕内侧；眼视右掌。

学练要点：棚、捋、挤式要做出杨式的特点，舒展大方；云手要做出吴式的特点，圆活细腻；下按中的跟步要表现出孙式的轻灵。棚出时，两臂前后均保持弧形，搠出、松腰、弓腿三者必须协调一致。下捋时，上体不可前倾，臀部不要凸出，两臂下捋须随腰旋转，仍走弧线，左脚全脚掌着地。向前挤时，上体要正直，挤的动作要与弓腿相一致。

（图2：右揽雀尾）

三、左单鞭

上体左转，左脚向左迈一步，脚跟着地，重心前移成左弓步；右掌变勾，左掌经面前翻转向前推出，掌心向前；眼视左掌。

学练要点：左手向外翻掌前推时，要随转体，边翻边推出，上下肢动作要协调一致。单鞭时，上体保持正直，松腰，两肩下沉，左肘与左膝上下相对。 　

（图3：左单鞭）

四、提手

1、扣脚摆掌：重心右移，上体右转，左脚内扣；左掌向右平摆划弧。

2、虚步合提：重心左移；右勾变掌，两手微提，上体右转，右脚提转，脚跟着地，脚尖上翘，成右虚步；两手相合，左掌合于右肘内侧；眼视右掌。

学练要点：收右脚与上肢合抱要协调一致。虚步时，右脚跟着地，两臂微屈，沉肩垂肘，身体保持正直，要缩胯收臀，用腰带动来回摆掌。

（图4：提手）

五、白鹤亮翅

1、转身抱球：上体左转，右脚稍后撤，脚尖内扣；两手向左下方划弧，同时插抱，左上右下。

2、转腰带掌：重心后移，上体右转；两手合转。

3、虚步分掌：上体左转，左脚稍内收，脚尖点地成左虚步；右掌上提，左掌下按，两臂成弧形；眼视前方。

学练要点：虚步时，上体保持正直，缩胯收臀。身体重心后移和右手上提，左手下按要协调一致。右手至于右额前，掌心向内，左掌按于左胯旁，掌心向下。

（图5：白鹤亮翅）

六、搂膝拗步

1、转体划弧：上体左转；右手随之向左向下划弧至头前下落。

2、收脚托掌：上体右转，右手向后划弧至右前方，左手向右划弧至右肋旁；左脚收回。

3、弓步搂推：上体左转，左脚上步，脚跟着地，重心前移，成左弓步；左手搂膝，右手推出；眼视右掌

4、撇脚转体：重心右移，左脚外撇，上体左转，右手随之向左划弧，摆至左肋旁，左手向左上划弧，举至左前方。

5、收脚托掌：同前收脚托掌，惟左右相反。

6、弓步搂推：同前弓步搂推，惟左右相反。

学练要点：搂膝、推手与左腿上步屈膝弓步要协调一致。弓步时，两脚横间距离约30厘米。推掌时，须沉肩垂肘、坐腕舒掌，身体不可前俯后仰，要以腰带动两臂运转。

（图6：搂膝拗步）

七、撇身捶

1、转身分掌：重心后移，右脚外撇，上体右转；左手前伸，右手向后。

2、收脚挂拳：左脚收回；左手握拳，落于腹前，右手向前划弧，附于左臂内侧。

3、弓步撇拳：上体微左转，左脚上步，脚跟着地，重心前移，成左弓步；左拳经面前撇打，拳心斜向上，右手附于左臂内侧；眼视左拳。

学练要点：收脚与上肢划弧要协调配合，弓腿撇拳要随腰转动，上下一致。

（图7：撇身捶）

八、捋挤势

1、扣脚变掌：重心稍后移，左脚尖内扣，上体右转；左拳变掌，右掌向右划一平弧，收于左臂内侧。

2、转体抹掌：重心前移，成左弓步；右掌平抹划弧穿出，掌心向下，左掌落于右肘内下，掌心向上。

3、收脚捋掌：两掌后捋，右掌至腹前，左掌至胯旁，右脚收回。

4、上步搭手：右脚向右前方上步，脚跟着地；同时两臂交叉，收于胸前，掌心相对。

5、弓步前挤：重心前移，成右弓步；两臂挤出，右掌心向内，左掌贴于右腕内侧，掌心向外；眼视右掌。

6、扣脚开掌：重心后移，右脚尖内扣，上体左转；右掌翻转向上，左掌划一小弧从右前臂上穿出。

7、转体抹掌：同前转体抹掌，惟左右相反。

8、收脚捋掌：同前收脚捋掌，惟左右相反。

9、上步搭手：同前上步搭手，惟左右相反。 　　

10、弓步前挤：同前弓步前挤，惟左右相反。

学练要点：两掌划弧要随腰转动。两臂后捋要走弧形。弓步和前挤要协调一致，两臂撑圆。弓步时上体保持正直，松腰收臀。

（图8：捋挤势）

九、进步搬拦捶

1、后坐分掌：重心后移，左脚外撇，上体左转；左掌向下划弧，右掌前伸。 　　

2、收脚按掌：重心前移，右脚收回；右手变拳向下划弧收于腹前，拳心向下；左掌划弧收于体前，掌心向下。

3、上步搬拳：右脚上步，脚跟着地，脚尖外撇；右拳经左臂内侧翻转搬出，左掌下按右胯旁。

4、转身拦掌：重心前移，上体右转；左脚向前上一步，脚跟落地，右拳向右划弧收至腰间，左掌向左向前划弧至体前。

5、弓步打捶：重心前移，成左弓步；右拳打出，左掌收于右臂内侧；眼视右拳。 　

学练要点：右臂搬拳和左脚上步要协调配合。左臂拦时，上体保持正直。右拳向前打出时，右肩随拳略向前引，沉肩垂肘，右臂微屈。

（图9：进步搬拦捶）

十、如封似闭

1、穿手翻掌：左掌从右前臂下穿出，掌心向上，右拳随之变掌，掌心也转向上。

2、后坐收掌：上体后坐，重心后移，左脚尖上翘；两臂后引，两掌收至腹前。

3、跟步按推：重心前移，右脚上半步成右丁步，脚尖点地，两脚相距约10厘米；两手前按，与肩同宽，掌心向前；眼视两掌。

学练要点：身体后坐时须松腰、松胯，不要后仰凸臀。两臂随身回收时，肩肘略向外松开，不要直着抽回。两手推出和上步要协调一致，上步、跟步要表现孙式的轻灵。

（图10：如封似闭）

第二段

第二段突出了吴式太极拳的手法、孙式太极拳的步法以及陈式太极拳的发力动作特点。

十一、开合手

1、转体开掌：以左脚跟和右脚掌为轴，右转90度仍成丁步；两掌翻转掌心相对，屈收胸前，与肩同宽。

2、提踵合掌：重心移向左腿，右脚跟提起；同时两掌相合，与头同宽，掌心相对；眼视两掌中间。

学练要点：转体时，表现孙式步法和手法的特点，上下肢要协调配合。完成时，身体保持正直，两臂要沉肩垂肘。（见图11）

十二、右单鞭

1、开步转掌：右脚向右横开一步，脚跟着地；两臂内旋，两掌虎口相对，掌心向外。

2、弓步分掌：重心右移，成右侧弓步（横裆步）；两掌分开，平举身体两侧，掌心向外，眼视右掌。

学练要点：完成时，上体保持正直，松腰收臀。横裆步要注意身体重心偏向右腿。

（图11：开合手、右单鞭）

十三、肘底捶

1、收脚抱球：重心左移；左臂向左、向下划弧；右臂向内掩裹划弧至右肩前，重心右移，上体右转，左脚收回；两手翻转，掌心两对，两手合抱，右上左下。

2、上步分掌：左转上步，脚跟着地；左掌向前划弧，掌心向内，右手下落至右胯旁。

3、跟步摆掌：重心前移，右脚跟半步，脚掌落地；左手收腰，右手向前。

4、虚步握拳：重心后移，左脚进步，脚跟着地，成左虚步；左手经右腕上劈出立掌，右掌握拳，收于左肘下方；眼视左掌。

学练要点：迈左脚和两臂运转与身体左转协调一致。左腿站稳后，右脚再跟进。重心后坐和劈出立掌成虚步要协调连贯。

（图12：肘底捶）

十四、转身推掌

1、撤步举掌：左脚撤至右脚后，脚掌着地；右拳变掌上举，左掌翻转下落胸前。

2、转体屈肘：以右脚跟、左脚掌为轴，左转90º，重心仍在右腿；左掌下落，右掌屈收。

3、上步搂掌：左脚向前偏左上步，脚跟着地；右掌屈收至右耳侧，左掌向左划弧。

4、跟步推掌：重心前移，右脚跟上，脚掌着地，成右丁步；左掌搂膝，按于左胯旁，右手推出，掌心向前；眼视右掌、

5、转体屈肘：同前转体屈肘，惟左右相反。

6、上步搂掌：同前上步搂掌，惟左右相反。

7、跟步推掌：同前跟步推掌，惟左右相反。

学练要点：转体要注意身体重心轻微变换。上步时要斜上步，直跟进，体会孙式特点。搂膝推掌要与跟步要协调一致。完成时，身体要中正，两臂要沉肩垂肘，坐腕舒掌。

（图13：转身推掌）

十五、玉女穿梭

1、撤步伸掌：上体右转，左脚向左撤半步；左臂向右划弧，右掌经左臂上前伸。

2、收脚捋掌：上体左转，重心左移，右脚收回，脚尖点地；两手后捋。

3、上步搠臂：右脚上步，脚跟着地；两手相搭，右掌心向内，左掌附于右腕内侧，掌心向外。

4、跟步云掌：重心前移，上体右转，左脚跟在右脚后方，脚掌着地；右掌自左向前划平弧，左掌随之转动。

5、弓步架推：重心后移，右脚上步，脚跟着地；右掌向右向后划平弧至头前；重心前移，成右弓步；身体右转，右掌上架，掌心向上，左掌经腰际向前推出，掌心向前；眼视左掌。

6、后坐落掌：重心后移，右脚内扣，上体左转；右臂翻转向下，掌心向上，左掌向右划弧收于右肘内侧。

7、弓步抹掌：重心前移，右脚落实，上体左转；左掌平抹穿出右掌，右掌收于左肘下方。

8、收脚捋掌：同前收脚捋掌，惟左右相反。

9、上步搠臂：同前上步拥臂，惟左右相反。

10、跟步云掌：同前跟步云掌，惟左右相反

11、弓步架推：同前弓步架推，惟左右相反。

学练要点：完成姿势面向斜方均约30º。手推出后，上体不可前俯，手上架，防止肩上耸。整个动作要做出孙式跟步的灵活圆滑，吴式云手的圆活细腻，杨式定式的舒展大方。

（图14：玉女穿梭）

十六、左右蹬脚

1、后坐摆掌：重心右移，左脚内扣，上体右转；左掌翻转落于身体前，右掌收于左肘内侧。

2、转体分掌：重心前移，上体左转；右掌穿左掌向前，左掌向下收于左腰侧。

3、收脚合掌：上体右转，右脚收回；右掌向下，左掌向上同时划弧，两掌交叉合抱胸前，右掌在外，掌心均向内。

4、蹬脚分掌：左腿站稳，右脚蹬出，脚尖上勾，偏右方约30º；两掌左右划弧分开。

5、落脚摆掌：右腿屈收，右脚下落，脚跟着地；右掌翻转，掌心向上，左掌经腰向前划弧至右肘内侧，掌心向下。

6、转体分掌：同前转体分掌，惟左右相反。

7、收脚合掌：同前收脚合掌，惟左右相反。

8、蹬脚分掌：同前蹬脚分掌，惟左右相反。

学练要点：身体要稳定，不可前俯后仰。蹬脚分掌时，两膝两肘微屈，力点在脚跟。分手和蹬脚要协调一致，右臂与右腿，左臂与左腿上下相对。

（图15：左右蹬脚）

十七、掩手肱捶

1、落脚掩掌：左小腿屈收，左脚落于右脚内侧；两掌掩合于头前，与头同宽，掌心向内。

2、开步压掌：左脚向左开步脚跟擦地，上体右转；两掌翻转交叉相叠于小腹右侧，左掌压于右掌背上，掌心均向下。

3、马步分掌：上体转正，重心转于两腿之间；两掌左右分开，掌心向外。

4、转体合肘：重心右移，上体稍右转；两肘内合，左掌摆至体前，右掌变拳，屈臂胸前。

5、弓步冲拳：重心左移，上体左转，成左弓步；右拳向前发力冲打，拳心向下，左掌心贴于左腹部；眼视右拳。

学练要点：擦地时，气宜下沉，沉肩垂肘。右拳冲打和拧腰蹬腿要协调一致。冲打拳时要做出陈式抖、弹、松的要求。

（图16：掩手肱捶）

十八、野马分鬃

1、转腰下捋：上体左转；右拳变掌向下划弧至胸前，掌心向下，左掌以拇指为轴，四指顺时针向下转动。

2、转腰棚臂：重心右移，上体右转；两手向左缠绕摆动，两臂撑圆。

3、转腰横掌：重心左移，上体左转；两掌向左前方横列于腹前，腰腹弹性发力。

4、转腰旋掌：重心右移，腰向右回转；两掌自右向左划弧至体前。

5、提膝托掌：重心后移，左脚收提；左掌划一圈翻转向上，托于左膝上，右掌向下，向右上划弧横于右侧。

6、弓步穿掌：左脚上步，成左弓步；左掌向前穿靠，掌心向上，右掌撑至身体右方，掌心向外；眼视左掌。

7、转身按掌：重心后移，左脚外撇，上体左转；左掌翻转，屈臂外撑，右掌下落。

8、提膝托掌：重心后移，右脚收提；右掌翻转向上，托于右膝上，左掌划弧横于左侧。

9、弓步穿掌：右脚上步，成右弓步；右掌向前穿靠，掌心向上，左掌撑至身体左方，掌心向外；眼视右掌。

学练要点：两手要此顺彼逆、此逆彼顺、开中寓合、合中寓开地转动着，它代表陈式太极拳的大缠丝劲。两掌摆掌横列与腰腹弹性发力协调一致。整个动作要表现出陈式紧松、折叠、波浪起伏之间动作的协调配合。

（图17：野马分鬃）

第三段

第三段以杨式云手为主，兼有吴式提膝攀收勾脚尖的动作。

十九、云手

1、扣脚摆掌：重心左移，右脚内扣，上体左转；两掌微向左摆。

2、转体翻掌：重心右移，上体右转；右掌翻转向外，左掌向下向右划弧。

3、转体云掌：重心左移，上体左转；左掌经面前划弧云转，右掌经腹前向左划弧云转，掌心向内。

4、收脚翻掌：上体继续左转，右脚收回，两脚平行向前，相距10—20厘米，两掌云至左侧翻转，左掌心向外，右掌云至左肘内侧，掌心向内。

5、转体云掌：重心右移，上体右转；右掌经面前向右划弧云转，左掌经腹前向右划弧云转。

6、开步翻掌：上体继续右转，左脚向左侧开步；两掌云至身体右侧，右掌翻转向外，左掌云至右肘内侧，掌心向内。

7、转体云转：同前转体云转。

8、收脚翻掌：同前收脚翻掌。

9、转体云掌：同前转体云掌。

10、开步翻掌：同前开步翻掌。

11、转体云转：同前转体云转。

12、收脚翻掌：同前收脚翻掌，惟最后收并左脚时，脚尖内扣约45º落地。

学练要点：两臂随腰转动而运转，要自然圆活，速度要缓慢均匀。下肢移动时，身体重心要稳定，不可忽高忽低，要前脚掌着地再整脚落实。眼的视线随左右手转动，云手指尖与肩同高，掌心向内。

（图18：云手）

二十、独立打虎

1、撤步穿掌：重心右移，左脚后撤，右腿屈弓；左掌翻上，向下划弧，右掌翻下，从左臂上穿出向前伸探。

2、转体扣脚：重心左移，上体左转，右脚内扣；两掌向左划弧。

3、提膝握拳：两掌握拳，左手经体侧屈臂上举至左额上方，拳心向外，右拳收于左胸前，拳心向内；左腿站稳，右腿提起，脚尖上翘内扣；眼平视前方。 　　

学练要点：屈膝弓腿与前伸探掌要协调一致，上体保持平稳。两臂划弧要经腹前随腰转动。独立提膝，支撑腿膝微屈，上体保持中正，提膝脚尖上翘内扣，表现出吴式风格。

（图19：独立打虎）

二十一、右分脚

1、落脚抱掌：上体微右转，右脚内收，脚尖下垂；两拳变掌叠抱胸前，右掌在外，掌心皆向内。

2、分脚分掌：右脚脚尖向右前方，展平踢出，高过腰部；两臂同时向左右划弧分开，掌心皆向外，两臂撑举；眼视右掌。

学练要点：身体要稳定，不可前俯后仰。分脚方向与正方向约30º，分手与分脚动作须协调一致，右臂与右腿上下相对。（见图20）

二十二、双峰贯耳

1、 屈膝沉肘：右腿屈膝小腿回收，脚尖下垂；两掌平行划弧落于右膝上方。

2、上步落拳：右脚前落，脚跟着地；两掌变拳，收于腰间。

3、弓步双贯：重心前移，成右弓步；两拳同时划弧贯打，与头同宽，高于耳齐；眼视前方。

学练要点：完成姿势头颈正直，松腰、松胯，两拳松握，沉肩垂肘，两臂保持弧形。两臂半屈成钳形。

（图20：右分脚、双峰贯耳）

二十三、左分脚

1、转体分掌：重心后移，右脚外撇，上体右转；两拳变掌左右分开。

2、收脚抱掌：重心前移，左脚内收，上体微左转；两掌划弧交叉胸前，左掌在外。

3、分脚分掌：右腿站稳，左腿屈提，左脚尖向正前方，展平踢出，高于腰部；两掌左右划弧分开，掌心向外，两臂撑举；眼视左掌。

学练要点：同右分脚要点相同。（见图21）

二十四、转身拍脚

1、落脚转身：收左小腿，以右脚为轴，身体右后转，左脚尖内扣落地，两掌向腹前划弧下落。

2、转体抱掌：重心左移，身体继续右后转，侧对正前方，右脚转正，脚尖点地；两掌交叉抱于胸前，右手在外。

3、独立拍脚：左腿支撑，右脚踢摆，脚面展平；右掌击拍，左掌向后划弧分开；眼视右掌。

学练要点：身体右后转与右脚尖落地，和两臂划弧要协调配合。上体保持正直，不可前倾、凸臀。拍脚方向与正前方方向一致。

（图21：左分脚、转身拍脚）

二十五、进步栽捶

1、转体摆掌：右腿屈收，右脚前落，脚尖外撇，上体右转，重心前移；左掌下落至胸前，右掌下落至腰间。

2、弓步栽捶：左脚上步，脚跟着地，重心前移，成右弓步；左掌向下划弧经左膝上方搂过，按于左胯旁，右掌变拳经右耳侧向前下方打出；眼视右拳。 　　

学练要点：落地转身后和两臂划弧要协调一致。左弓步打拳时，要松腰、松胯，不要凸臀。

（图22：进步栽捶）

二十六、斜飞势

1、转身分掌：重心后移，左脚外撇，上体左转；两掌左右划弧分开。

2、收脚合掌：右脚收至左脚内侧；两掌向内外划弧交叉合抱，左臂在上。

3、弓步分靠：右脚向右侧开步，脚跟落地，重心前移，成右弓步(横裆步)身体略右倾；两掌分开，眼视左掌。

学练要点：右肩向右倾靠时，劲要起于脚、发于腿、主宰于腰，通过身体由肩到肘、由肘到手节节贯串地靠出，身手步协调一致。身体倾斜时，腰要保持中正，表现出吴式的斜中寓正特点。

（图23：斜飞势）

二十七、单鞭下势

1、勾手摆掌：重心左移，上体左转，右脚跟外展；右手左摆，左手提勾。

2、仆步穿掌：左腿全蹲，右腿铺直，上体右转，成右仆步；右掌顺右腿内侧穿出，掌心向外；眼视右掌。

学练要点：仆步时，两脚跟不拔跟，右腿伸直。下势时，上体不可前倾低头，臀部凸出，身体要保持正直。

（图24：单鞭下势）

二十八、金鸡独立

1、弓步挑掌：上体右转，重心前移，右脚尖外展，左脚尖内扣，左腿蹬直，右腿屈弓，成右弓步；右掌上挑，左臂下落身后，勾尖向上。

2、独立挑掌：重心前移，左腿提起，右腿站稳，成右独立；左掌上挑，成侧立掌，右掌下按于右胯旁；眼视左掌。

3、独立挑掌：右腿稍屈，左脚落于右脚后方，重心后移，再上体左转，右腿屈提，脚尖下垂，左腿站稳，成左独立步；左掌下按左胯旁，右掌上挑；眼视右掌。 　　

学练要点：独立时，提膝腿要和起立腿要协调一致。要沉肩坠肘、坐腕，肘与膝合，上下成垂直，支撑腿不要伸直。左右独立变换时，落脚和屈膝要同时。

（图25：金鸡独立）

二十九、退步穿掌

左腿稍屈，右脚后撤，落地蹬直，左脚拧正，成左弓步；左掌经右掌上穿出，掌心向上，右掌下按，横于左肘内侧下方；眼视左掌。

学练要点：上体保持正直，须松腰收臀。穿掌和后撤步，上下要协调一致。（见图26）

第四段

第四段以四十八式太极拳中的第四段为主体，表现杨式特点。

三十、虚步压掌

1、扣脚转身：重心后移，身体稍右转，左脚内扣；右掌收至腹前，左掌上举于面前。

2、虚步按掌：重心左移，身体右后转，右脚脚尖点地成右虚步；左手经面前俯身横掌下压，右掌经腹下按右胯旁；眼视前下方。

学练要点：横掌下压和虚步要协调一致。下压时上体向下松沉微向前俯，左掌在右膝上方，右掌在右胯旁。（见图26）

三十一、独立托掌

左腿蹬地，右腿屈提，成左独立步；右掌上托，左掌侧撑；眼视右掌。

学练要点：独立托时，要顶头立腰，左腿微屈。右掌掌心向上与胸同高，左掌与肩同高，掌心向外。

（图26：退步穿掌、虚步压掌、独立托掌）

三十二、马步靠

1、落步托掌：右脚前落，重心前移，左脚收回，上体右转；右掌下捋向右上方划弧，左掌向上、向右划弧，向下变拳至腹前。

2、马步靠臂：上体左转，左脚向左斜前上步，成半马步；左臂前靠，右掌经面向前挤靠，附于左上臂内侧；眼视左前方。

学练要点：上步挤靠，重心下沉，左臂与腰腿同时发力，协调一致。（见图27）

三十三、转身大捋

1、摆脚旋掌：重心后移，左脚尖抬起；两手同时微向后带。

2、上步托掌：左脚外撇，上体左转，重心前移，右脚上步扣脚，两脚并步，伸膝抬高；左臂内旋，屈肘提至胸前，右臂外旋举于身体右侧。

3、弓步滚肘：右脚为轴，身体左转，左脚后撤；两掌随身，向左平捋，重心左移，右脚跟外展，右腿蹬直，成左侧弓步（横裆步）；两掌握拳，左拳收腰，右臂屈肘，滚肘压臂；眼视右拳。

学练要点：上体保持正直，不要前俯。弓步和滚肘压臂上下协调配合。滚肘压臂力点在前臂上。

（图27：马步靠、转身大捋）

三十四、歇步擒打

1、拧臂穿拳：上体右转，重心右移，右臂内旋，右拳上撑，左拳向身体左后方穿出。

2、歇步打拳：上体左转，重心前移，右脚向前盖步，两脚交叉屈蹲成歇步；左拳变掌向前划弧，然后变拳，收于腹前，右拳经腰从左前臂上向前下打出，拳心向上，眼视右拳。

学练要点：歇步时，两腿交叉，两膝靠拢全蹲，右脚全脚着地，脚外展，左脚前脚掌着地。臀部接近后脚跟。动作全过程是在腰的拧旋中带动手臂旋转完成。

（图28：歇步擒打）

三十五、穿掌下势

1、收脚摆掌：上体右转，左脚收回；两拳变掌，翻掌向上摆动。

2、仆步穿掌：上体右转，右腿屈蹲，左腿向左侧伸出，成左仆步；两掌向右划弧，经面前从右侧绕转下落，顺左腿内侧穿出，左前右后；眼视左掌。 　　

学练要点：下势时，身体保持正直，不可前俯低头和臀部凸出。两臂划弧和重心移动要协调一致。穿掌和下势要连贯、圆活，掌指朝前。（见图29）

三十六、上步七星

重心前移，上体左转，左脚外撇，右脚上步，成右虚步；两掌变拳，向上架起，两拳交叉，右手在外；眼视左拳。

学练要点：虚步时，身体保持正直，要缩胯收臀。在拳上架时，要如棚打，不要做成向前向上扬的动作，两肩要松沉，两臂呈弧形。

（图29：穿掌下势、上步七星）

三十七、退步跨虎

1、转体摆掌：右脚后撤，重心后移，上体右转；同时，右拳变掌向右下划弧至右胯旁，左拳变掌稍向右划弧。

2、转体落掌：左脚后收，落于右脚前，成左丁步；左掌收于左胯旁边，右掌向上、向左、向下划弧，落于左腿外侧。

3、独立挑掌：右腿直立，左腿前举微屈；右掌向前上挑起，同时左掌变勾上提；眼视左前方。

学练要点：右腿后撤时，不要踏在一条线上。退步跨虎全过程，两臂划弧须要以腰为轴进行摆动。独立上举腿时，膝要微屈，脚面展平，脚尖稍内扣，体现吴式特点。独立时右肘和左膝要上下对称。

（图30：退步跨虎）

三十八、转身摆莲

1、落脚摆掌：左脚下落内扣，身体右转；左勾变掌，掌心向上，向前平摆，右掌右带。

2、转体穿掌：两脚为轴，右后转体；左掌摆体前，右掌从左臂下穿出。

3、虚步翻掌：重心左移，身体右转，右脚点地成右虚步；两掌翻转向右划弧置右侧。

4、摆腿拍脚：上体左转，右脚提起，脚面展平，成扇形外摆；两掌先左后右依次击拍脚面；眼视两掌。

学练要点：在转体时，身体不可摇晃，要立身中正，腰部放松。右腿摆莲是横劲，要用转腰带动右腿外摆。两手依次击响，不能落空。

（图31：转身摆莲）

三十九、弯弓射虎

1、提膝摆掌：右腿屈膝，脚尖下垂，左腿独立；上体左转，两掌左摆。

2、落步按掌：右脚向右前方上步，上体右转，两掌同时向下划弧。

3、弓步打拳：上体左转，右腿屈膝，成右弓步；两掌向右划弧时握拳，左掌经面前向左前方打出，右拳屈肘向左前方打出至右额前；眼视左拳。

学练要点：两手划弧要随腰转动。两拳打出与变右弓步上下动作要协调一致。弯弓射虎动作要沉肩坠肘，身体保持中正。（见图32）

四十、左揽雀尾

1、转体落掌：重心左移，右脚外撇，上体右转；两拳变掌，左掌前伸，右掌向下划弧至腹前。

2、收脚抱球：重心右移，左脚收至右脚旁；左手向下，右手经腰向上划弧抱球，右上左下。

3、弓步棚臂：左脚上步，重心前移，成左弓步；两手分开，左手前棚，右手下按。

4、转体伸掌：上体微左转；左掌稍前伸，右掌经腹向上划弧。

5、后坐下捋：上体右转，重心右移；两掌下捋至右后上方。

6、弓步前挤：身体左转，重心前移，成左弓步；两手相搭，向前挤出，两臂撑圆，右臂在内，左臂在外。

7、翻掌前伸：右掌上穿左掌，两掌分开，掌心均向下。

8、后坐收掌：重心右移，身体下坐，左脚上翘；两臂屈肘，两掌划弧至腹前。 　　

9、弓步推按：重心前移，成左弓步；两掌按出，与肩同宽，掌心向前；眼平视前方。

学练要点：搠、捋、挤同右揽尾相同，惟有向后捋幅度大，捋至右后方与肩平同高。按式时，两臂要走弧形，重心前移和前按，上下协调配合。

（图32：弯弓射虎、左揽雀尾）

四十一、十字手

1、转体扣脚：重心后移，上体右转，左脚内扣，右脚外展；右掌右摆，左掌分于身体左侧，两臂平举，掌心向外。

2、牧脚抱掌：重心后移，上体左转，右脚内收，与肩同宽，成开立步；两手向下、向前、向上划弧，交叉合抱胸前，右手在外，掌心向内；眼视两掌。 　　

学练要点：十字手的两臂呈搠劲，须松肩沉肘。重心移动，上体中正，不能前俯。（见图33）

四十二、收势

1、分手下按：两臂内旋翻掌，平行分开，与肩同宽，掌心向前下方，再徐徐下落于两腿外侧。

2、收脚并立：左脚收回，两脚并拢，身体直立；平视前方。

学练要点：两掌下落，要松肩垂臂，上体保持正直。两脚并拢，脚尖向前，眼视前方，呼吸平稳均匀。

（图33：十字手、收势）

注意事项

呼吸配合规律

1、起吸落呼

2、开吸合呼

3、进吸退呼

其他注意事项

1、 忌神不守舍

太极拳是三分形式七分意，十分技巧在神气。招为术，神为势，有招无神招无力，招术神通才灵威。神力透心，神威难测，神光威严赛锐器。练太极拳一定要达到手、眼、身合步，精神气意通。

2、 忌松散无力

松是太极拳之门，是太极拳练者入门的第一关，松是使关、节、椎松开，使肌、腱、肤扩张，让气血直达梢端。绝不是松散、松乱、松懈。

3、 忌僵硬练力

太极拳是用意不用力，是柔中藏刚，松是太极之门，僵硬是太极之绊，用气滞气，用力伤气，是太极拳之大忌。

动作口诀

起势揽雀单鞭挥，提手白鹤拗步推，

撇身捋挤搬拦捶，如封似闭第一回；

二组开合单鞭挥，肘底捶接转身推，

穿梭蹬脚掩肱捶，野马分鬃定势归；

三组云手独立虎，贯耳夹在分脚内，

拍脚栽捶斜飞势，下势金鸡穿掌回；

压掌托掌马步靠，捋擒穿掌七星锤，

跨虎摆莲弯弓射，揽雀十手收势回。

现状及前景

随着太极拳运动的发展和普及，各种形式的太极拳竞赛活动日益频繁。为此，原国家体委武术研究院于1989年组织了国内著名教练员、太极拳名家和部分优秀运动员，在原有的48式太极拳基础上，创编了42式太极拳竞赛套路。太极拳于1990年被定为亚运会武术比赛的规定内容，随后不仅成为国家正式比赛项目，而且在国外迅速得到推广，目前已经在世界范围内广为流传。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"四十二式太极拳吸收了陈、杨、吴、孙式太极拳动作，以杨式太极拳","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"为基调","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，动作外形严格规范，气势舒展大方，劲力刚柔相济，速度匀速有变，形成了综合性的特点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMY2GWm6WEgQ2OcPAaYTmEd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"拳法教程详解","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsyIyMWWUmiQgai3RbZ5HSb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6asm0KUss4iMGKPhd2f8Oc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一段以杨式动作为主，外形舒展大方，柔和缓慢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniAIy44iAOIWCsq2tLSzMbU"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、起势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCOUqgaQqA2CIOOcAcqOUch"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、并脚站立：身体保持自然直立，两脚并拢；两手轻贴大腿侧，头颈端正，胸腹舒松，精神集中，呼吸自然，眼视前方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKSKqMmKMkyoGYpb12gtG0U"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、左脚开立：左脚向左轻轻开步，与肩同宽，脚尖朝前；两手慢慢向前平举，与肩同高，与肩同宽，手心向下。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnecEqWACWwumS0ko61ovcUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、屈膝按掌：上体正直，两腿缓缓屈膝半蹲；两掌下按，落于腹前，掌膝相对。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoG2WYWei4YWQeQPsbTuNAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"重心放在两腿之间，两臂下按和身体下蹲的动作要协调一致。屈膝要松腰、松胯，臀部不可凸出，两臂要沉肩垂肘，手指自然微屈。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAqskis4UCmYoWe8O7dzdMd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":200,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"一、起势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d7d8775d3b6b4c8aae09e298d61a2748","width":266},"text":"","id":"doxcn0CqikiMOwkGc0kc7FpXWih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图1：起势）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngMSsuKCue2GQIT6FYrLzUe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"右揽雀尾","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE0agOyCUwWAeioah9ASfEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、丁步抱球：重心左移，身体右转，右脚外撇；右臂屈抬，手心向下，左手翻转向右划弧至右腹前，手心向上，两手相对如抱球状；重心右移，左脚收回右脚内侧；眼视右手。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSEMEWewcKgmcgPP1xaL99e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、弓步棚臂：上体左转，左脚上步，重心前移成左弓步；左手前棚，与肩同高，手心向内，右手下按，落于胯旁，手心向下，两臂微屈；眼视左臂。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAoIwikoa8062mi5hp9wohd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、丁步抱球：上体微左转，右脚收至左脚内侧；左手翻下右手翻上，两手成抱球；眼视左掌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYqGGeooAqYIOktYFGQtls1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、弓步搠臂：上体右转，右脚向右迈出一步，脚跟着地，重心前移成右弓步；右臂前搠与肩同高，左臂下按，落于左胯旁；眼视右臂。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKM4miuAmIi4IcLACbB0uKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、两掌前伸：右掌前伸，掌心向下，左掌同时翻转前送。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4kSaqC6aU0sKmKXpWEu4ke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、后坐下捋：重心后移；两掌向下后捋至腹前。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnawCIC8IeeMQskO2h52R2SN"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、转体搭手：右臂屈肘横于胸前，掌心向内，左臂搭于右腕内侧，掌心向外。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnieKG4yem0k8UYt9zQbqTIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、弓步前挤：重心前移成右弓步；两手同时向前挤出，两臂撑圆；眼视前方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKm8ii0SGWeI0WUAUB5OPwc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、扣脚旋掌：重心左移，上体右转，右脚上翘；右臂屈肘平划弧至右肩前，左手随右腕划弧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnESeWQMA2woOme6QiTAbb4c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10、丁步按掌：右脚内扣落地，上体微右转，重心右移，左脚收回，脚尖着地成丁步；右掌向右立掌按出，掌心向外，左掌附于右腕内侧；眼视右掌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniiuUIQece8EEGaKwxKUHSf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"棚、捋、挤式要做出杨式的特点，舒展大方；云手要做出吴式的特点，圆活细腻；下按中的跟步要表现出孙式的轻灵。棚出时，两臂前后均保持弧形，搠出、松腰、弓腿三者必须协调一致。下捋时，上体不可前倾，臀部不要凸出，两臂下捋须随腰旋转，仍走弧线，左脚全脚掌着地。向前挤时，上体要正直，挤的动作要与弓腿相一致。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncy8wUOMsQwii6ax5PbAcEg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"右揽雀尾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c1a5a1ba61fd432c8a8e0ca9034e1dc0","width":478},"text":"","id":"doxcnc42Ga0qU2Kog6VDoO24a8e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图2：右揽雀尾）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngoAGoaImggmYwHxMQzaHuh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、左单鞭","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOY2Iuug2mc0OWkLcfXnClh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"上体左转，左脚向左迈一步，脚跟着地，重心前移成左弓步；右掌变勾，左掌经面前翻转向前推出，掌心向前；眼视左掌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaYYUUQcyK62wgZK9SHVWPe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"左手向外翻掌前推时，要随转体，边翻边推出，上下肢动作要协调一致。单鞭时，上体保持正直，松腰，两肩下沉，左肘与左膝上下相对。 　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIgWscuSKiQkWSUw5UBfPSf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三、左单鞭","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/367ec7b454d443f7a3ca2f30a78dd720","width":479},"text":"","id":"doxcnKGSoeAyWAo4KhSdTgLWhBq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图3：左单鞭）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoMQkSYGyeOGaiQ7IX1kYWn"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、提手","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsWoWQsS2Uiu8AJZgdch40f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、扣脚摆掌：重心右移，上体右转，左脚内扣；左掌向右平摆划弧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqASIeamymGc48P9UpSb3Hh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、虚步合提：重心左移；右勾变掌，两手微提，上体右转，右脚提转，脚跟着地，脚尖上翘，成右虚步；两手相合，左掌合于右肘内侧；眼视右掌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnks4604Y0QcGONDuxLUfeEX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"：收右脚与上肢合抱要协调一致。虚步时，右脚跟着地，两臂微屈，沉肩垂肘，身体保持正直，要缩胯收臀，用腰带动来回摆掌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE084AsawMCsgVmdySDFFJ5"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四、提手","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5cb2b581326849968eb3b918cdcd3a1f","width":511},"text":"","id":"doxcnwS2026EeSms2aWJGPK5Dtc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图4：提手）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOy4qg6S0asgQalFC9jsKOe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"五、白鹤亮翅","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKUQ2ca6woS0YK2iK6LwAAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、转身抱球：上体左转，右脚稍后撤，脚尖内扣；两手向左下方划弧，同时插抱，左上右下。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKcs8GGYO0gUmiGmBI2XCxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、转腰带掌：重心后移，上体右转；两手合转。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI8UM2UwQAOkQe6HWAAdQyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、虚步分掌：上体左转，左脚稍内收，脚尖点地成左虚步；右掌上提，左掌下按，两臂成弧形；眼视前方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4euiyqoUO4isElsN5mvLTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"虚步时，上体保持正直，缩胯收臀。身体重心后移和右手上提，左手下按要协调一致。右手至于右额前，掌心向内，左掌按于左胯旁，掌心向下。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmQyI8m4c0SMw4p7p2G8svf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":480,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五、白鹤亮翅","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9a67f25761284298989bbfbd6cbd52e0","width":646},"text":"","id":"doxcnkeO8kEa8IyIaILI4m3ryoh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图5：白鹤亮翅）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwweyssAwWi4Q8demhtlnQd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"六、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"搂膝拗步","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIAyOsa4YIEwcAnYhbyN1Tf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、转体划弧：上体左转；右手随之向左向下划弧至头前下落。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCOUmymiWwmki2LnVkovnre"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、收脚托掌：上体右转，右手向后划弧至右前方，左手向右划弧至右肋旁；左脚收回。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO2qoYM6Ay00OQdWmWZiUjN"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、弓步搂推：上体左转，左脚上步，脚跟着地，重心前移，成左弓步；左手搂膝，右手推出；眼视右掌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw6AsSyoYUgKG4joCx1LZkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、撇脚转体：重心右移，左脚外撇，上体左转，右手随之向左划弧，摆至左肋旁，左手向左上划弧，举至左前方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2scS2GqUe6qi0Ae5iQE4pf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、收脚托掌：同前收脚托掌，惟左右相反。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnugCqIOqGGQaUoxcYeDXyU0"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、弓步搂推：同前弓步搂推，惟左右相反。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYuecMaSWCGKIqtWT9XPqub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"：搂膝、推手与左腿上步屈膝弓步要协调一致。弓步时，两脚横间距离约30厘米。推掌时，须沉肩垂肘、坐腕舒掌，身体不可前俯后仰，要以腰带动两臂运转。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQswqs8UOwWsKKHm0K7vEob"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":480,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"六、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"搂膝拗步","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5ea89d09b1144ca3895938af44eb4e64","width":626},"text":"","id":"doxcn64S88em8Ak602bji4IdUxe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图6：搂膝拗步）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmoCAgUQuIEIw6oCqCDK0Tg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"七、撇身捶","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWe0m0wKmKcCge6AxmDGlsh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、转身分掌：重心后移，右脚外撇，上体右转；左手前伸，右手向后。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnokEa4qWqse2Ektz9Pubrdh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、收脚挂拳：左脚收回；左手握拳，落于腹前，右手向前划弧，附于左臂内侧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0EGC2IKoWY4wqk29yMog8f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、弓步撇拳：上体微左转，左脚上步，脚跟着地，重心前移，成左弓步；左拳经面前撇打，拳心斜向上，右手附于左臂内侧；眼视左拳。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW0kkEMgeuwoOqyrsAVzhXb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"收脚与上肢划弧要协调配合，弓腿撇拳要随腰转动，上下一致。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnusMogYWMsyqSmYgoGC2G5f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":480,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"七、撇身捶","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/aba3ccb5a72a4a59b4ea70cb91adfc36","width":633},"text":"","id":"doxcnMO2YeeuAAgeq6xbHIVIb6c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图7：撇身捶）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngOeIi6mkAamQWIjbj9dLDe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"八、捋挤势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnImG4Iq4UYoaKKUtkXk9Yac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、扣脚变掌：重心稍后移，左脚尖内扣，上体右转；左拳变掌，右掌向右划一平弧，收于左臂内侧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4Kq2y202WWoe67VkVpVBdf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、转体抹掌：重心前移，成左弓步；右掌平抹划弧穿出，掌心向下，左掌落于右肘内下，掌心向上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWY2o8wMSUKIE87Sx51j5De"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、收脚捋掌：两掌后捋，右掌至腹前，左掌至胯旁，右脚收回。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnugoiWYeMceKwIjfbFfEoeb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、上步搭手：右脚向右前方上步，脚跟着地；同时两臂交叉，收于胸前，掌心相对。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCkU46UUSoSg4eO4bnCpazb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、弓步前挤：重心前移，成右弓步；两臂挤出，右掌心向内，左掌贴于右腕内侧，掌心向外；眼视右掌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngMm02UY8WKWicDN4WBSdvb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、扣脚开掌：重心后移，右脚尖内扣，上体左转；右掌翻转向上，左掌划一小弧从右前臂上穿出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGqkIKCai6q0SgTZSC0z1Lb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、转体抹掌：同前转体抹掌，惟左右相反。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGoQY6OOkG0K2MLwpMduVzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、收脚捋掌：同前收脚捋掌，惟左右相反。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYUCuWSoIwguISvUB3lH6sb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、上步搭手：同前上步搭手，惟左右相反。 　　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneu2M6eaomEgC8ZAEE9Fw3f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10、弓步前挤：同前弓步前挤，惟左右相反。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY0SGSoossKAuew8AXeR7fd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"两掌划弧要随腰转动。两臂后捋要走弧形。弓步和前挤要协调一致，两臂撑圆。弓步时上体保持正直，松腰收臀。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOMMmU6Esaswsw1HXSaEgdf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"八、捋挤势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0971dbe470be4061b7ff4f600f4a9e14","width":478},"text":"","id":"doxcnQeYYaqIMQc2kYttzXO1cmh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图8：捋挤势）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnauIguMYQy4GOqGYiADNZlf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"九、进步搬拦捶","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOcs2yYAm8IuKOZCqGOzGqM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、后坐分掌：重心后移，左脚外撇，上体左转；左掌向下划弧，右掌前伸。 　　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm8QWequ2eSioYT00sGUvOc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、收脚按掌：重心前移，右脚收回；右手变拳向下划弧收于腹前，拳心向下；左掌划弧收于体前，掌心向下。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEUAkYi66wyY0dIFoBK9WqP"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、上步搬拳：右脚上步，脚跟着地，脚尖外撇；右拳经左臂内侧翻转搬出，左掌下按右胯旁。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniKS0KQqeuGEemxzIVvwXqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、转身拦掌：重心前移，上体右转；左脚向前上一步，脚跟落地，右拳向右划弧收至腰间，左掌向左向前划弧至体前。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkYmE0s0k8MYWAJpH7DrzIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、弓步打捶：重心前移，成左弓步；右拳打出，左掌收于右臂内侧；眼视右拳。 　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2EoMakEqesI8EN44NIikDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"：右臂搬拳和左脚上步要协调配合。左臂拦时，上体保持正直。右拳向前打出时，右肩随拳略向前引，沉肩垂肘，右臂微屈。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaE0Uu6UI8S8IKQWuyQgINf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":480,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"九、进步搬拦捶","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c585e2b5eead4fa79335e91349d61adb","width":627},"text":"","id":"doxcncc4QkquoYgSw8LzYiR2Ode"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图9：进步搬拦捶）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIYC8e8wMgmScaLHFMYAfYh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"十、如封似闭","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuowQy4ImUiko2RKw8puVPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、穿手翻掌：左掌从右前臂下穿出，掌心向上，右拳随之变掌，掌心也转向上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOs0om4KYYCS6OkAMFOIG1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、后坐收掌：上体后坐，重心后移，左脚尖上翘；两臂后引，两掌收至腹前。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEoqICYeoSegoiyO4ZOeUke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、跟步按推：重心前移，右脚上半步成右丁步，脚尖点地，两脚相距约10厘米；两手前按，与肩同宽，掌心向前；眼视两掌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIMQMqgGQIgMYWS81ooCqAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"身体后坐时须松腰、松胯，不要后仰凸臀。两臂随身回收时，肩肘略向外松开，不要直着抽回。两手推出和上步要协调一致，上步、跟步要表现孙式的轻灵。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqGOkkc4OY6Ssawzl3BP7vg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":480,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"十、如封似闭","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e7233237539044ef85dca485d7b5648d","width":646},"text":"","id":"doxcn2OgSE4c8MqGmYRZy8PCbhe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图10：如封似闭）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA2OU48CGsUsgM7U3vTPECf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY2o2EmIoiWuw4qFljfXNGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二段突出了吴式太极拳的手法、孙式太极拳的步法以及陈式太极拳的发力动作特点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyEQWGC0OmQAEuUevVpncJg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"十一、开合手","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8ywUUoGWA06YovbSLVglmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、转体开掌：以左脚跟和右脚掌为轴，右转90度仍成丁步；两掌翻转掌心相对，屈收胸前，与肩同宽。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnau0mQaCekaA0maZpWYXk3g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、提踵合掌：重心移向左腿，右脚跟提起；同时两掌相合，与头同宽，掌心相对；眼视两掌中间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsyAmkSsq6sua8c6sDU1CNG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"：转体时，表现孙式步法和手法的特点，上下肢要协调配合。完成时，身体保持正直，两臂要沉肩垂肘。","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"（见图11）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMwiYUU0yCmgwUL3Dn2JV5d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"十二、右单鞭","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncSmgg6GWewQCKoQ6la9xWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、开步转掌：右脚向右横开一步，脚跟着地；两臂内旋，两掌虎口相对，掌心向外。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMaEUaAkoOUISote4mvHHbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、弓步分掌：重心右移，成右侧弓步（横裆步）；两掌分开，平举身体两侧，掌心向外，眼视右掌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwUesEcMMmCK4G0MyxXV6uf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"完成时，上体保持正直，松腰收臀。横裆步要注意身体重心偏向右腿。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8Sc8OOWqAC4sYNfcon7PPd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":480,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"十二、右单鞭","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cda29abb1dfc49579773c5466088552e","width":682},"text":"","id":"doxcnGs4qQy0sGkigg1FfXJQmie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图11：开合手、右单鞭）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAEWa8WgI4oe0uNzMWj28sb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"十三、肘底捶","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYk0IQ6OMygI684WcQhWBMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、收脚抱球：重心左移；左臂向左、向下划弧；右臂向内掩裹划弧至右肩前，重心右移，上体右转，左脚收回；两手翻转，掌心两对，两手合抱，右上左下。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAAkacMsQCIScUbpXcp5H1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、上步分掌：左转上步，脚跟着地；左掌向前划弧，掌心向内，右手下落至右胯旁。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAAO2QuIww4YwOGDYKJVDLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、跟步摆掌：重心前移，右脚跟半步，脚掌落地；左手收腰，右手向前。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnogigIOsoakqoMxKCeyf1nb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、虚步握拳：重心后移，左脚进步，脚跟着地，成左虚步；左手经右腕上劈出立掌，右掌握拳，收于左肘下方；眼视左掌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUYeCaOmsi04MiKAN2p6Pqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"：迈左脚和两臂运转与身体左转协调一致。左腿站稳后，右脚再跟进。重心后坐和劈出立掌成虚步要协调连贯。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUGqa2aWU0m0YqmC1gd6Uvg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":200,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"十三、肘底捶","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/81c59ae3896346dfb2419981d47a026d","width":266},"text":"","id":"doxcnkwO2gsAcIme2wlHbm2hZEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图12：肘底捶）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8C0gQIySgw2IwzZOsVRLWg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"十四、转身推掌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqOWiwOmU6goaEpqywPWtkd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、撤步举掌：左脚撤至右脚后，脚掌着地；右拳变掌上举，左掌翻转下落胸前。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni60MW2KcGIuuQnPJ3iCzVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、转体屈肘：以右脚跟、左脚掌为轴，左转90º，重心仍在右腿；左掌下落，右掌屈收。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQuSo8yCiiamcgdaQNidnfh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、上步搂掌：左脚向前偏左上步，脚跟着地；右掌屈收至右耳侧，左掌向左划弧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4aeI02uwCo2Ioenfc4N93I"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、跟步推掌：重心前移，右脚跟上，脚掌着地，成右丁步；左掌搂膝，按于左胯旁，右手推出，掌心向前；眼视右掌、","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyQuu4aQKUsukUTI7UYBEpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、转体屈肘：同前转体屈肘，惟左右相反。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniemqAyeEIMUme4XxOjjjUf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、上步搂掌：同前上步搂掌，惟左右相反。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuy4QiyQqSMQ22pQKGjHaDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、跟步推掌：同前跟步推掌，惟左右相反。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8gIGaOM4sCimms0VY12W4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"转体要注意身体重心轻微变换。上步时要斜上步，直跟进，体会孙式特点。搂膝推掌要与跟步要协调一致。完成时，身体要中正，两臂要沉肩垂肘，坐腕舒掌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMCQowyGeIAss0m9XeLsdFe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":200,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"十四、转身推掌","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ba7bb61d3254b31bca56f45f6803449","width":266},"text":"","id":"doxcnmYo4wam4GqQaqe60R8gCsd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图13：转身推掌）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq2SU40YOQsSGaKydPQfgtc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"十五、玉女穿梭","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuGusE8YyE0Sm0mb4MmqlVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、撤步伸掌：上体右转，左脚向左撤半步；左臂向右划弧，右掌经左臂上前伸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOWQ2esEiqe0iUZiu0GBBke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、收脚捋掌：上体左转，重心左移，右脚收回，脚尖点地；两手后捋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIcQeUm6GiSEu6hRsWO7Dxe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、上步搠臂：右脚上步，脚跟着地；两手相搭，右掌心向内，左掌附于右腕内侧，掌心向外。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyeSUAM4qWuS4K0f0ZGD0Af"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、跟步云掌：重心前移，上体右转，左脚跟在右脚后方，脚掌着地；右掌自左向前划平弧，左掌随之转动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne8OSeYiySs666fP5Rsgpdc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、弓步架推：重心后移，右脚上步，脚跟着地；右掌向右向后划平弧至头前；重心前移，成右弓步；身体右转，右掌上架，掌心向上，左掌经腰际向前推出，掌心向前；眼视左掌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna2w2EwqUuiKq4wXfsMP6ib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、后坐落掌：重心后移，右脚内扣，上体左转；右臂翻转向下，掌心向上，左掌向右划弧收于右肘内侧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOMouEEwGweAuMp71qMM9mc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、弓步抹掌：重心前移，右脚落实，上体左转；左掌平抹穿出右掌，右掌收于左肘下方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2sscMmiE8w8IorZbMfUq8b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、收脚捋掌：同前收脚捋掌，惟左右相反。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni64K64GkgYkeYlbe23eUif"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、上步搠臂：同前上步拥臂，惟左右相反。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuSMsqmAUQiqOoppDnGdxxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10、跟步云掌：同前跟步云掌，惟左右相反","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEK024kMGOcgUGCGROfukyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"11、弓步架推：同前弓步架推，惟左右相反。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2KokOuWmQoAmOVdsSIs4tb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"完成姿势面向斜方均约30º。手推出后，上体不可前俯，手上架，防止肩上耸。整个动作要做出孙式跟步的灵活圆滑，吴式云手的圆活细腻，杨式定式的舒展大方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqoG2g4iUKMQCOAz5E5gzQd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":200,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"十五、玉女穿梭","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ac84856486ce4850bf00cca584edd831","width":266},"text":"","id":"doxcn4qAQ4YKEK0e6IvOfXeub0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图14：玉女穿梭）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno6QO64cq4guOamUjaSV2Od"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"十六、左右蹬脚","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUa8GGA48amsicHQJHHiwHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、后坐摆掌：重心右移，左脚内扣，上体右转；左掌翻转落于身体前，右掌收于左肘内侧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc2WkeKuc6KcgisHN761OZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、转体分掌：重心前移，上体左转；右掌穿左掌向前，左掌向下收于左腰侧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMmkoGYyaKMKmKun56wMgzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、收脚合掌：上体右转，右脚收回；右掌向下，左掌向上同时划弧，两掌交叉合抱胸前，右掌在外，掌心均向内。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny0ciq8O8U06ceoIgAuDQ1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、蹬脚分掌：左腿站稳，右脚蹬出，脚尖上勾，偏右方约30º；两掌左右划弧分开。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0G2oqeSQKY62o54425VDDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、落脚摆掌：右腿屈收，右脚下落，脚跟着地；右掌翻转，掌心向上，左掌经腰向前划弧至右肘内侧，掌心向下。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng4ak04mGuqi4cBFf8Ivaug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、转体分掌：同前转体分掌，惟左右相反。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCYU86qeUiOgOKw2nJIL1Tc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、收脚合掌：同前收脚合掌，惟左右相反。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIKa8GgKGUaYac3XjF4b1Su"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、蹬脚分掌：同前蹬脚分掌，惟左右相反。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncgeo8q8qusUAIPQXM3gLif"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"身体要稳定，不可前俯后仰。蹬脚分掌时，两膝两肘微屈，力点在脚跟。分手和蹬脚要协调一致，右臂与右腿，左臂与左腿上下相对。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO86iQGYYsEWuMT4wPGkfEb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":200,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"十六、左右蹬脚","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/40e8938349974022b897808528b8fa3b","width":266},"text":"","id":"doxcnWQ2cag0agQAkyGAjfbMU4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图15：左右蹬脚）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnACwEwMcss048a4CWA6stic"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"十七、掩手肱捶","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnieEcUoaKqGuk41sz3hPZGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、落脚掩掌：左小腿屈收，左脚落于右脚内侧；两掌掩合于头前，与头同宽，掌心向内。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyKiAGoAMWy0AaY3TqjPCCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、开步压掌：左脚向左开步脚跟擦地，上体右转；两掌翻转交叉相叠于小腹右侧，左掌压于右掌背上，掌心均向下。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneIsckQEuo6GgyOw6PWYWmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、马步分掌：上体转正，重心转于两腿之间；两掌左右分开，掌心向外。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncgayOkyckEauaQRllBm3Sg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、转体合肘：重心右移，上体稍右转；两肘内合，左掌摆至体前，右掌变拳，屈臂胸前。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqGyeoUy8sEmQgfrUy76WHg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、弓步冲拳：重心左移，上体左转，成左弓步；右拳向前发力冲打，拳心向下，左掌心贴于左腹部；眼视右拳。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQEk4GyYkoeA04OIjRewT8e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"擦地时，气宜下沉，沉肩垂肘。右拳冲打和拧腰蹬腿要协调一致。冲打拳时要做出陈式抖、弹、松的要求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmYMEuuUKQqmSkb6rbRO4Ab"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":200,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"十七、掩手肱捶","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/615fecece6924be0a80e44da1419c936","width":266},"text":"","id":"doxcncuw2qKqIWS8G50AbIjK4ys"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图16：掩手肱捶）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn26ikyAekSMCsghOniYUxGf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"十八、野马分鬃","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0goi4YOgKOiEbjYdrAE7qD"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、转腰下捋：上体左转；右拳变掌向下划弧至胸前，掌心向下，左掌以拇指为轴，四指顺时针向下转动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSU2e6kc8OYeQqwZVSgOuqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、转腰棚臂：重心右移，上体右转；两手向左缠绕摆动，两臂撑圆。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmoEOaEoSOw2oMlEwLoVfjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、转腰横掌：重心左移，上体左转；两掌向左前方横列于腹前，腰腹弹性发力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwO8eKEU0qM2gmgMjb8wr8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、转腰旋掌：重心右移，腰向右回转；两掌自右向左划弧至体前。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYKEmKkwu4OAk4TaKIuDsJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、提膝托掌：重心后移，左脚收提；左掌划一圈翻转向上，托于左膝上，右掌向下，向右上划弧横于右侧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2e686KKmaycMwZTqHEKn8P"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、弓步穿掌：左脚上步，成左弓步；左掌向前穿靠，掌心向上，右掌撑至身体右方，掌心向外；眼视左掌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwIyIM862yKMM2xoMK9iU9e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、转身按掌：重心后移，左脚外撇，上体左转；左掌翻转，屈臂外撑，右掌下落。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmeWGUg6yEMyYQjuujTny4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、提膝托掌：重心后移，右脚收提；右掌翻转向上，托于右膝上，左掌划弧横于左侧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsGyusUg0qOIOX8Xtbmmsyd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、弓步穿掌：右脚上步，成右弓步；右掌向前穿靠，掌心向上，左掌撑至身体左方，掌心向外；眼视右掌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAQIgeKsws8Mgwtgj2Qzb4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"两手要此顺彼逆、此逆彼顺、开中寓合、合中寓开地转动着，它代表陈式太极拳的大缠丝劲。两掌摆掌横列与腰腹弹性发力协调一致。整个动作要表现出陈式紧松、折叠、波浪起伏之间动作的协调配合。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCAAgwICmCgYqgnp06t2imc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":200,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"十八、野马分鬃","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/753372b66e4e465eb84fa0f7ffc818a4","width":266},"text":"","id":"doxcnmGKsEISUeuOSmaxVmxS2Df"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图17：野马分鬃）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYooMOMiwoIo8AFfcW6a9ie"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2uSsSOwkQq4ug5VoJMLPWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三段以杨式云手为主，兼有吴式提膝攀收勾脚尖的动作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn00MoQqaY6kmOmGz0qslj0g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"十九、云手","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniCag8wWmSwu4wjd2CUcRie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、扣脚摆掌：重心左移，右脚内扣，上体左转；两掌微向左摆。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGmkaMYuWcSMMcXGmF6TlYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、转体翻掌：重心右移，上体右转；右掌翻转向外，左掌向下向右划弧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniIEaKgaais6G21pPF5xR9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、转体云掌：重心左移，上体左转；左掌经面前划弧云转，右掌经腹前向左划弧云转，掌心向内。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWIcesksAEgacYX6xWvE0Fc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、收脚翻掌：上体继续左转，右脚收回，两脚平行向前，相距10—20厘米，两掌云至左侧翻转，左掌心向外，右掌云至左肘内侧，掌心向内。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcney8qS2yYQmSKGegea0dCYe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、转体云掌：重心右移，上体右转；右掌经面前向右划弧云转，左掌经腹前向右划弧云转。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUMGgqo2GgUSYg7oMIuJq6b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、开步翻掌：上体继续右转，左脚向左侧开步；两掌云至身体右侧，右掌翻转向外，左掌云至右肘内侧，掌心向内。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkcuMMO6i2g2aA18I5BGAke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、转体云转：同前转体云转。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneMUQokkME82eANbupvsx1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、收脚翻掌：同前收脚翻掌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqK4IcSKII8aUIrwFVrmjvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、转体云掌：同前转体云掌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUugIYEw6eikUMnB46pBbyd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10、开步翻掌：同前开步翻掌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuoS42cSsyU6u4cv4odqVke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"11、转体云转：同前转体云转。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmymQQuQCG0KCkBzDMfq4jd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"12、收脚翻掌：同前收脚翻掌，惟最后收并左脚时，脚尖内扣约45º落地。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnisSiwq0CsC8kkXm2Qtumte"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"两臂随腰转动而运转，要自然圆活，速度要缓慢均匀。下肢移动时，身体重心要稳定，不可忽高忽低，要前脚掌着地再整脚落实。眼的视线随左右手转动，云手指尖与肩同高，掌心向内。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSMU6O8KkgGQoIvGpWVWDYf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"十九、云手","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/32bfd30031e94a1dbd623a61d597601e","width":486},"text":"","id":"doxcngyoKU0cyOo86IPc5RkWIKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图18：云手）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaS642OWC8CCcCoUPliOVAg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二十、独立打虎","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCAIIiImucIEAEJRFgsVlKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、撤步穿掌：重心右移，左脚后撤，右腿屈弓；左掌翻上，向下划弧，右掌翻下，从左臂上穿出向前伸探。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAMk6EEOIScE2IN3fjPfDkd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、转体扣脚：重心左移，上体左转，右脚内扣；两掌向左划弧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2KkMgYYW4eKAOQLp6twFih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、提膝握拳：两掌握拳，左手经体侧屈臂上举至左额上方，拳心向外，右拳收于左胸前，拳心向内；左腿站稳，右腿提起，脚尖上翘内扣；眼平视前方。 　　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW6oksOMkaeeMi6HdFMPfNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"屈膝弓腿与前伸探掌要协调一致，上体保持平稳。两臂划弧要经腹前随腰转动。独立提膝，支撑腿膝微屈，上体保持中正，提膝脚尖上翘内扣，表现出吴式风格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnce8agCuacqUG8CNih8d1xc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二十、独立打虎","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/16f1fe8252bf4964b1b2427c7f6cfdd6","width":508},"text":"","id":"doxcnSmSkmG6IwUcCAQWr7jLJob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图19：独立打虎）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsKCUuIKquqoeOO0D42JCud"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二十一、右分脚","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG6KaceqG66cI8xqKgvnPnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、落脚抱掌：上体微右转，右脚内收，脚尖下垂；两拳变掌叠抱胸前，右掌在外，掌心皆向内。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSCOYoUquE2go4RTpmaYmJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、分脚分掌：右脚脚尖向右前方，展平踢出，高过腰部；两臂同时向左右划弧分开，掌心皆向外，两臂撑举；眼视右掌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniyueOkeWuqqKG0gQF3R0Zg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"：身体要稳定，不可前俯后仰。分脚方向与正方向约30º，分手与分脚动作须协调一致，右臂与右腿上下相对。","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"（见图20）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCOGGkm2yawmQc9Uk8m3zIf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二十二、双峰贯耳","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq4q0ymWMKM6UnBOsn3y5p9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、 屈膝沉肘：右腿屈膝小腿回收，脚尖下垂；两掌平行划弧落于右膝上方。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2oUkqusuosgSy0E30Hx3Xg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、上步落拳：右脚前落，脚跟着地；两掌变拳，收于腰间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGoGaaAEeuOUScLsjCHZw4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、弓步双贯：重心前移，成右弓步；两拳同时划弧贯打，与头同宽，高于耳齐；眼视前方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnew2y8saK0O0SCQkV6GZyBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"：完成姿势头颈正直，松腰、松胯，两拳松握，沉肩垂肘，两臂保持弧形。两臂半屈成钳形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwCe00so68wMCAxHqkEFpVd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":200,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二十二、双峰贯耳","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b44d3f5cb20d4570bb061797a1054b9a","width":266},"text":"","id":"doxcncqYKQM4magAEcppsIU7ZCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图20：右分脚、双峰贯耳）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGuGIs0yYMoMc67BY8UpCre"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二十三、左分脚","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq8CcIowUCiWIcxnpcY0zrc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、转体分掌：重心后移，右脚外撇，上体右转；两拳变掌左右分开。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsYSGISKi6O08uMmpIYINrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、收脚抱掌：重心前移，左脚内收，上体微左转；两掌划弧交叉胸前，左掌在外。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnay4UIM8yUsGohKYd5jGYgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、分脚分掌：右腿站稳，左腿屈提，左脚尖向正前方，展平踢出，高于腰部；两掌左右划弧分开，掌心向外，两臂撑举；眼视左掌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO2CCwSGkaEKQkhIaHhJHOc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"：同右分脚要点相同。","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"（见图21）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4sScSKE6ouKAkJ3CrDn3hh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二十四、转身拍脚","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8qQscqiGu4eS8lOnBMkNfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、落脚转身：收左小腿，以右脚为轴，身体右后转，左脚尖内扣落地，两掌向腹前划弧下落。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA2wy8iUiw0GGu0z0EKx9Ic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、转体抱掌：重心左移，身体继续右后转，侧对正前方，右脚转正，脚尖点地；两掌交叉抱于胸前，右手在外。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGIYQu440yuI6Wctfx2bekg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、独立拍脚：左腿支撑，右脚踢摆，脚面展平；右掌击拍，左掌向后划弧分开；眼视右掌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI82SyC80wg4wOySctXzpLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"身体右后转与右脚尖落地，和两臂划弧要协调配合。上体保持正直，不可前倾、凸臀。拍脚方向与正前方方向一致。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAaYoQggaMe0C6G3vKxIKSf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":200,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二十四、转身拍脚","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0093aeb9bcbc48d8abaec7c85341989e","width":266},"text":"","id":"doxcneOwUm26IWkgqmeTu78r5Ld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图21：左分脚、转身拍脚）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGiUAg48MocWIK09gB88wEb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二十五、进步栽捶","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8IOs8ogYku4ACmzTV6SQad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、转体摆掌：右腿屈收，右脚前落，脚尖外撇，上体右转，重心前移；左掌下落至胸前，右掌下落至腰间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSoyS0YEOM4w2UP70RbSvxe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、弓步栽捶：左脚上步，脚跟着地，重心前移，成右弓步；左掌向下划弧经左膝上方搂过，按于左胯旁，右掌变拳经右耳侧向前下方打出；眼视右拳。 　　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqUOw4ckM6WiY0KzFEk9ivd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"落地转身后和两臂划弧要协调一致。左弓步打拳时，要松腰、松胯，不要凸臀。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUwWekoUqUO8koTfkFQ5W2d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":200,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二十五、进步栽捶","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ea017c26e051498db9a525727385aa87","width":266},"text":"","id":"doxcnkUq08e0mKsIIEjVX5789ig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图22：进步栽捶）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIiaqYM868IWAiuYHLmrAMe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二十六、斜飞势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK2aMomkuIoasrkhmDdwKve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、转身分掌：重心后移，左脚外撇，上体左转；两掌左右划弧分开。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn06Iq6ikg6ekI418K9O7GKf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、收脚合掌：右脚收至左脚内侧；两掌向内外划弧交叉合抱，左臂在上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnasiKWu8sGoyQQRzSUqZbgf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、弓步分靠：右脚向右侧开步，脚跟落地，重心前移，成右弓步(横裆步)身体略右倾；两掌分开，眼视左掌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWa86cKa60q8IOD3N8L941E"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"右肩向右倾靠时，劲要起于脚、发于腿、主宰于腰，通过身体由肩到肘、由肘到手节节贯串地靠出，身手步协调一致。身体倾斜时，腰要保持中正，表现出吴式的斜中寓正特点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUK60cSmW2Gi4UZzUEqxCPb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二十六、斜飞势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/36ae2fb3e4f44233a7a7bab4f0f85ede","width":534},"text":"","id":"doxcnIwwkc6SWKyysBfWFBPhIzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图23：斜飞势）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoYOeyWKASmiQAt7Yw4nkZg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二十七、单鞭下势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUUegmCsMoQMwMraRCGqtmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、勾手摆掌：重心左移，上体左转，右脚跟外展；右手左摆，左手提勾。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4kM4EMmOeEAMEJMkRx5Blg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、仆步穿掌：左腿全蹲，右腿铺直，上体右转，成右仆步；右掌顺右腿内侧穿出，掌心向外；眼视右掌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUAAkAmmee6aMgLZnTokdRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"仆步时，两脚跟不拔跟，右腿伸直。下势时，上体不可前倾低头，臀部凸出，身体要保持正直。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnosU2UecEqOmYuiLWYsDoaf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二十七、单鞭下势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b6c2b5711ae14baeb54d628b4bea3294","width":544},"text":"","id":"doxcnAmq0OKu2wWAAaqqeHXDrEf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图24：单鞭下势）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCsO6UsIG8UIawvXSXjqj8c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二十八、金鸡独立","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngKUmMk6YimcsaegI91KC7g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、弓步挑掌：上体右转，重心前移，右脚尖外展，左脚尖内扣，左腿蹬直，右腿屈弓，成右弓步；右掌上挑，左臂下落身后，勾尖向上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEUeWwSUK8w6QYPSThHa8ee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、独立挑掌：重心前移，左腿提起，右腿站稳，成右独立；左掌上挑，成侧立掌，右掌下按于右胯旁；眼视左掌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8EO6iqQeAmOWe6UI6k4bUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、独立挑掌：右腿稍屈，左脚落于右脚后方，重心后移，再上体左转，右腿屈提，脚尖下垂，左腿站稳，成左独立步；左掌下按左胯旁，右掌上挑；眼视右掌。 　　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW2UWEocuE2sWAfkOw2FoHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"：独立时，提膝腿要和起立腿要协调一致。要沉肩坠肘、坐腕，肘与膝合，上下成垂直，支撑腿不要伸直。左右独立变换时，落脚和屈膝要同时。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq6SISkayUGOEAn67IuqCXg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":480,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二十八、金鸡独立","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/484cc1bd756d42399c08b581b1f867f1","width":738},"text":"","id":"doxcn4OsioAW0gY8AQ524cQVkDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图25：金鸡独立）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoWAUI6KWmSE8YNTbHeiYef"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二十九、退步穿掌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4gkqgcAKwQCA86fsMyIysc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"左腿稍屈，右脚后撤，落地蹬直，左脚拧正，成左弓步；左掌经右掌上穿出，掌心向上，右掌下按，横于左肘内侧下方；眼视左掌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGiIScsk84O0Yu0VVp9O2Tf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"：上体保持正直，须松腰收臀。穿掌和后撤步，上下要协调一致。","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"（见图26）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCkwM00YSM6wEIJ39GhtJCg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第四段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnswMEQ2Qqo80o0Wzcsv9cXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第四段以四十八式太极拳中的第四段为主体，表现杨式特点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaKG2um8Ks84qqGIWlUXomf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三十、虚步压掌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEOE4A4iYMqo6sZPYc7kekh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、扣脚转身：重心后移，身体稍右转，左脚内扣；右掌收至腹前，左掌上举于面前。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqkiiWuqYUqYYugwfo7A9Vc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、虚步按掌：重心左移，身体右后转，右脚脚尖点地成右虚步；左手经面前俯身横掌下压，右掌经腹下按右胯旁；眼视前下方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncs6yiKc86uK6iR1Nhcjqab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"横掌下压和虚步要协调一致。下压时上体向下松沉微向前俯，左掌在右膝上方，右掌在右胯旁。","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"（见图26）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOauGeQYMqGMC8VSE3k6Qud"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三十一、独立托掌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQo6U8qkqKiwas39TzC8c0d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"左腿蹬地，右腿屈提，成左独立步；右掌上托，左掌侧撑；眼视右掌。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqas0mAAku0W6uCP8eFxMad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"：独立托时，要顶头立腰，左腿微屈。右掌掌心向上与胸同高，左掌与肩同高，掌心向外。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK04Oui2swKuUIPEnjEEHWg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三十一、独立托掌","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6476667ef60141e199bb55b35049a325","width":478},"text":"","id":"doxcn6Is4WkAmySY6m1Hb2pHOg9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图26：退步穿掌、虚步压掌、独立托掌）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4w6GSQaYQMs8yZ3oCA8chb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三十二、马步靠","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnymE2oSSsoCSeiAdmGWBnsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、落步托掌：右脚前落，重心前移，左脚收回，上体右转；右掌下捋向右上方划弧，左掌向上、向右划弧，向下变拳至腹前。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaQWye2Yq2QuwL3VEaS8Cg4"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、马步靠臂：上体左转，左脚向左斜前上步，成半马步；左臂前靠，右掌经面向前挤靠，附于左上臂内侧；眼视左前方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOmcKYyiYcwUCAZtsO3El4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"：上步挤靠，重心下沉，左臂与腰腿同时发力，协调一致。","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"（见图27）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny0gSmuk8wqoGE99P4KYEZe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三十三、转身大捋","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnssKqg66EkQ4mGwBRATvCFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、摆脚旋掌：重心后移，左脚尖抬起；两手同时微向后带。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncmiE8iiu0AYYyWwqTxd4bg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、上步托掌：左脚外撇，上体左转，重心前移，右脚上步扣脚，两脚并步，伸膝抬高；左臂内旋，屈肘提至胸前，右臂外旋举于身体右侧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuESQikeOcCQuamohAeRdse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、弓步滚肘：右脚为轴，身体左转，左脚后撤；两掌随身，向左平捋，重心左移，右脚跟外展，右腿蹬直，成左侧弓步（横裆步）；两掌握拳，左拳收腰，右臂屈肘，滚肘压臂；眼视右拳。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8kskuWIOsUio0YAN0n9rqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"：上体保持正直，不要前俯。弓步和滚肘压臂上下协调配合。滚肘压臂力点在前臂上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQegqcOIoyEICOOAahBgKJh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三十三、转身大捋","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dc0829e305cb4620a98f7a1e40e2f4f2","width":478},"text":"","id":"doxcnCC2uuicoCWY4YnRRbXoMvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图27：马步靠、转身大捋）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne8UcIIkuyECWqyYH67n26f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三十四、歇步擒打","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGksuQKw6gUgGOcFMqHTKPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、拧臂穿拳：上体右转，重心右移，右臂内旋，右拳上撑，左拳向身体左后方穿出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKAasMGI6iiAq4RbFAMNWuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、歇步打拳：上体左转，重心前移，右脚向前盖步，两脚交叉屈蹲成歇步；左拳变掌向前划弧，然后变拳，收于腹前，右拳经腰从左前臂上向前下打出，拳心向上，眼视右拳。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWyiyeOi4yYEI29XaFUBTWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"歇步时，两腿交叉，两膝靠拢全蹲，右脚全脚着地，脚外展，左脚前脚掌着地。臀部接近后脚跟。动作全过程是在腰的拧旋中带动手臂旋转完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8uMm8Miwk8CiYDwBTOQBxe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三十四、歇步擒打","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7fc1dec5add3477e9ebd50396b7f7695","width":478},"text":"","id":"doxcnm4QyGI2cm0aoU1nACoM6Zq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图28：歇步擒打）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMi06wC8oS8o4K0zcj6TUkg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三十五、穿掌下势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnECgegIwOWwgUKQQWmE5Upb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、收脚摆掌：上体右转，左脚收回；两拳变掌，翻掌向上摆动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnguWYS4MYeSWOMvTQzVBRuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、仆步穿掌：上体右转，右腿屈蹲，左腿向左侧伸出，成左仆步；两掌向右划弧，经面前从右侧绕转下落，顺左腿内侧穿出，左前右后；眼视左掌。 　　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyiQQSwioOGegaYMm5S4icc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"下势时，身体保持正直，不可前俯低头和臀部凸出。两臂划弧和重心移动要协调一致。穿掌和下势要连贯、圆活，掌指朝前。","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"（见图29）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIoAWaoyGwWgqsz8O00UA4f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三十六、上步七星","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY2OmuqsEUqOGYnuNQGZgTm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"重心前移，上体左转，左脚外撇，右脚上步，成右虚步；两掌变拳，向上架起，两拳交叉，右手在外；眼视左拳。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmkKEwgam6I6EIvahrPwfxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"虚步时，身体保持正直，要缩胯收臀。在拳上架时，要如棚打，不要做成向前向上扬的动作，两肩要松沉，两臂呈弧形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuw2KQq0MCQia2dIvD5q9ed"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三十六、上步七星","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/184370768b7049cc897d791c4f775ceb","width":478},"text":"","id":"doxcne46WgAQ40E8OWcjRIAXkZc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图29：穿掌下势、上步七星）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKk2wSeEecmmAqc2Bynvvdc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三十七、退步跨虎","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnagEmQ4CWQMosCn0RL5nrhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、转体摆掌：右脚后撤，重心后移，上体右转；同时，右拳变掌向右下划弧至右胯旁，左拳变掌稍向右划弧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0KogsMaC6icA0gISMADvLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、转体落掌：左脚后收，落于右脚前，成左丁步；左掌收于左胯旁边，右掌向上、向左、向下划弧，落于左腿外侧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnou44IAM8O4Gq8Hh8jcuLIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、独立挑掌：右腿直立，左腿前举微屈；右掌向前上挑起，同时左掌变勾上提；眼视左前方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8qe4UQYGC04AacLyMApzef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"右腿后撤时，不要踏在一条线上。退步跨虎全过程，两臂划弧须要以腰为轴进行摆动。独立上举腿时，膝要微屈，脚面展平，脚尖稍内扣，体现吴式特点。独立时右肘和左膝要上下对称。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW8aQweCcaA462f1CeVAnDd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三十七、退步跨虎","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/84c08993f1094ff1a023b1e29ac2276f","width":478},"text":"","id":"doxcna82ECiKM2qMSUTbp3Q8Clh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图30：退步跨虎）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYsoiSWCWmMQe000XBYPcrc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三十八、转身摆莲","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncUo4GMOkiyIeQVniYd8yAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、落脚摆掌：左脚下落内扣，身体右转；左勾变掌，掌心向上，向前平摆，右掌右带。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE6WaSyacWWKa2Pr7h8u3Ge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、转体穿掌：两脚为轴，右后转体；左掌摆体前，右掌从左臂下穿出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8MMaO6SqMUgclBTBoBakr8"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、虚步翻掌：重心左移，身体右转，右脚点地成右虚步；两掌翻转向右划弧置右侧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSw8OGScsAaQYwh2kLvDy0f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、摆腿拍脚：上体左转，右脚提起，脚面展平，成扇形外摆；两掌先左后右依次击拍脚面；眼视两掌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuKiaGOysa8sYGgHqcS6sOc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在转体时，身体不可摇晃，要立身中正，腰部放松。右腿摆莲是横劲，要用转腰带动右腿外摆。两手依次击响，不能落空。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6Eo2GeeiUg0CO4IEIVnSxh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三十八、转身摆莲","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c96a2d9bd5bb4365aad907a6cc33c271","width":478},"text":"","id":"doxcnYa6kKcgeSiMCSyZpQz29kf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图31：转身摆莲）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6gsmoWWsOIKygdcX3F5hif"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三十九、弯弓射虎","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnamuiOk2KsskqUfJN9K2p9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、提膝摆掌：右腿屈膝，脚尖下垂，左腿独立；上体左转，两掌左摆。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuwwkGe8KCuUigZaPZUM1Ld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、落步按掌：右脚向右前方上步，上体右转，两掌同时向下划弧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIGeEMiuy6eaEmAUuKAW5jd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、弓步打拳：上体左转，右腿屈膝，成右弓步；两掌向右划弧时握拳，左掌经面前向左前方打出，右拳屈肘向左前方打出至右额前；眼视左拳。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAUcCYwOWIeAiOchEjBQAVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"两手划弧要随腰转动。两拳打出与变右弓步上下动作要协调一致。弯弓射虎动作要沉肩坠肘，身体保持中正。","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"（见图32）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAusi2mCWmuiEKWlmSPfXXf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"四十、左揽雀尾","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0m0aGY26UAUsWsr0awFINg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、转体落掌：重心左移，右脚外撇，上体右转；两拳变掌，左掌前伸，右掌向下划弧至腹前。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmAyOQoAYe6MmOQT4S2I8Ne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、收脚抱球：重心右移，左脚收至右脚旁；左手向下，右手经腰向上划弧抱球，右上左下。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncwcmmqekucgW4akriWhWec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、弓步棚臂：左脚上步，重心前移，成左弓步；两手分开，左手前棚，右手下按。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneAGSmEUk8AeOScoqluwReh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、转体伸掌：上体微左转；左掌稍前伸，右掌经腹向上划弧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI206aUmOcsGEkLIh818Xgh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、后坐下捋：上体右转，重心右移；两掌下捋至右后上方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMA0ccmMOceqIYzIBADfkid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、弓步前挤：身体左转，重心前移，成左弓步；两手相搭，向前挤出，两臂撑圆，右臂在内，左臂在外。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncyE6mqSooAQciKUZuMRbPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、翻掌前伸：右掌上穿左掌，两掌分开，掌心均向下。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOuYkkmCoqkEwOqWJaES5oh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、后坐收掌：重心右移，身体下坐，左脚上翘；两臂屈肘，两掌划弧至腹前。 　　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOw8ssS4eIauY4tmp59258m"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、弓步推按：重心前移，成左弓步；两掌按出，与肩同宽，掌心向前；眼平视前方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyGoEUq2aqyYeAH8zeUYkVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"搠、捋、挤同右揽尾相同，惟有向后捋幅度大，捋至右后方与肩平同高。按式时，两臂要走弧形，重心前移和前按，上下协调配合。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn48O6SmIYiEYWeW7Qo6TEDf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四十、左揽雀尾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3e1a739534824a54bb0ad294d242bdae","width":478},"text":"","id":"doxcnmQM6UMi02eq0mCSN16IKRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图32：弯弓射虎、左揽雀尾）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQCSUyaOogg2YszAuZzPVRb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"四十一、十字手","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMYsE62oemYkQ6HQD8KIaie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、转体扣脚：重心后移，上体右转，左脚内扣，右脚外展；右掌右摆，左掌分于身体左侧，两臂平举，掌心向外。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns8sw0gYCM4CIAV3J3kHXPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、牧脚抱掌：重心后移，上体左转，右脚内收，与肩同宽，成开立步；两手向下、向前、向上划弧，交叉合抱胸前，右手在外，掌心向内；眼视两掌。 　　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnykKy468AgusI8KJ8rgHXpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"十字手的两臂呈搠劲，须松肩沉肘。重心移动，上体中正，不能前俯。","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"（见图33）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUEsuOsCuWSu6cf24Fchugh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"四十二、收势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncSGCukEk0yWMuq8qLgQ1ZV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、分手下按：两臂内旋翻掌，平行分开，与肩同宽，掌心向前下方，再徐徐下落于两腿外侧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4kKAaCmugaK6sJc7yWg08b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、收脚并立：左脚收回，两脚并拢，身体直立；平视前方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY4OKWYOUKAg4s1PG379bvb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学练要点：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"两掌下落，要松肩垂臂，上体保持正直。两脚并拢，脚尖向前，眼视前方，呼吸平稳均匀。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyIwGeiugkgYg0mo6SF4bbb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四十二、收势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0264cb78d1dc488db72e7e411ac9854c","width":478},"text":"","id":"doxcnIoaiUamYEqsYctlbw5bqog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（图33：十字手、收势）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM8gUWOWWMGkQk92R4d1kkh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMWaK28MAsCaSY1qrfibhdg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"呼吸配合规律 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS0sSmAOquGoKQxxxnrFhYe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、起吸落呼 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWeg0gauiCSG6Mm2raFfYqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、开吸合呼 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneKEwYumIMukAiRDt8b0P1V"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、进吸退呼","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwK8a0uE86Y2YYbIZIa9R3f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"其他注意事项","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncuSMgqY6gYmCYzC8CmztQd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、 忌神不守舍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoQukuwIKu0Woq6rThyOvle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"太极拳是三分形式七分意，十分技巧在神气。招为术，神为势，有招无神招无力，招术神通才灵威。神力透心，神威难测，神光威严赛锐器。练太极拳一定要达到手、眼、身合步，精神气意通。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEIaUAeeoMOUKDX2y6113EI"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、 忌松散无力","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM8iY4OESKO4Kl4sqpwmiKv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"松是太极拳之门，是太极拳练者入门的第一关，松是使关、节、椎松开，使肌、腱、肤扩张，让气血直达梢端。绝不是松散、松乱、松懈。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKmqKGeIKsK26cfuNV8chSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、 忌僵硬练力","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuUoesOIYeEueYbUlNE112e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"太极拳是用意不用力，是柔中藏刚，松是太极之门，僵硬是太极之绊，用气滞气，用力伤气，是太极拳之大忌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSMy0aCAkO4Qa04P1ofGsAg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"动作口诀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYUu8oGwOIGwOdPhfLJuwMh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"起势揽雀单鞭挥，提手白鹤拗步推，","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuYIyQ8WiWAYMonFW4SbQyf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"撇身捋挤搬拦捶，如封似闭第一回；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqS2okyw6Im4gGkhDY6p8Rc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二组开合单鞭挥，肘底捶接转身推，","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2gUIQOouOmgE5vaSu0OkGa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"穿梭蹬脚掩肱捶，野马分鬃定势归；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCeMOysk8SSkO0I8pTnQEaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三组云手独立虎，贯耳夹在分脚内，","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyySkUOe8qoMQIzdtRtt8Rb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拍脚栽捶斜飞势，下势金鸡穿掌回；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuywyG0kSIKOqYHGxPmgGuc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"压掌托掌马步靠，捋擒穿掌七星锤，","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2O8ieKEOowA2cFu1ZrTOXb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"跨虎摆莲弯弓射，揽雀十手收势回。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyESqQYemQUWmkBFRJFplJc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"现状及前景","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4CgqYEkGOy2s81Rdyalp7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"随着太极拳运动的发展和普及，各种形式的太极拳竞赛活动日益频繁。为此，原国家体委武术研究院于1989年组织了国内著名教练员、太极拳名家和部分优秀运动员，在原有的48式太极拳基础上，创编了42式太极拳竞赛套路。太极拳","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"于","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"1990年被","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"定","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"为亚运会武术比赛的规定内容，随后不仅成为国家正式比赛项目，而且在国外迅速得到推广，目前已经在世界范围内广为流传。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnica8OwasKI2iaAjoG6fRFg"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E